Core Counseling Attributes

b

Which of the following led the way for the need for a multi-cultural approach?

a. The Tarasoff ruling

b. Brown vs. the Board of Education

c. FERPA

d. The Mental Health Planning Act of 1986

d

Who is LEAST likely to seek mental health services?

a. Sean, a Caucasian male

b. Marisol, a Hispanic American female

c. Edgar, an African American male

d. YunLi, an Asian American male

c

Men benefit _________ from psychotherapy as compared to women.

a. more

b. less

c. equally

d. much less

a

Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in collective cultures?

a. interdependence

b. independence

c. self-promotion

d. assertiveness

a

“All things happen for a reason” is a sentiment of which idea?

a. The just-world hypothesis

b. The blind-justice hypothesis

c. The scapegoat hypothesis

d. The Hawthorne effect

d

_____ attribution is to internal factors, as _____ attribution is to external factors.

a. Biased; unbiased

b. Unbiased; biased

c. Situational; dispositional

d. Dispositional; situational

a

Who is MOST likely to conform to a group?

a. Su-Yin, a Chinese female

b. Keith, an American male

c. Carlos, a Spanish male

d. Brittany, an American female

c

__________________ is the process of becoming adapted to a new or different culture.

a. Socialization

b. Transference

c. Acculturation

d. Crystallization

c

You have been meeting with Johan for four months now and by and large, he has been reserved. However, for the past few weeks, he has warmed up and been more open. It’s likely he has experienced:

a. Good mores

b. Ethnocentrism

c. Therapeutic surrender

d. An etic viewpoint

b

Cross-cultural counseling:

a. Recognizes culture as a marginal factor in counseling.

b. Recognizes culture as a fundamental factor in counseling.

c. Is a consideration in some but not all counseling interventions.

d. All of the above

d

Cultural context includes:

a. Ethnographics

b. Demographics

c. Status

d. All of the above

a

When counselors have applied the same interpretation to a behavior regardless of the cultural context, _____________ has been the consequence:

a. cultural bias

b. equality

c. unbiased consensus

d. All of the above

b

In terms of cultural bias in American psychology:

a. Much of it is intentional.

b. Much of it is done by people who see themselves as moral, just, and fair-minded professionals.

c. They may have malicious intentions.

d. They know they are racists.

c

Lewis-Fernandez and Kleinman outline three culture-bound assumptions about mental health and illness based on North American values. Which of the following is not one of them?

a. Egocentricity of the self

b. Mind-body dualism

c. The view that culturism is central rather than superimposed on biological reality

d. None, all are cultural-bound assumptions

d

You are supervising a counseling student and she asks about the most effective and current theory on cross-cultural counseling. The proper response is based on the:

a. The melting pot theory

b. The egocentric model

c. The pyramid theory

d. The salad bowl theory

c

Approximately ___________ of people worldwide use some form of alternative therapy, while. _______________ of Americans do.

a. 30%, 40%

b. 60%, 20%

c. 80%, 30%

d. 70%, 50%

b

Counseling psychology has been quick to respond to cultural bias.

a. True

b. False

d

Which of the following is the most crucial element of developing cultural competency?

a. Awareness

b. Knowledge

c. Skill

d. All are equally important

c

Which of the following are the proper steps for developing cultural competency?

a, Do a needs assessment of awareness and knowledge only

b. Identify specific objectives at the skill level only

c. Learn and practice new behaviors

d. Automatically repeat steps b-c

a

Rashad, a 28-year-old Indian male client of yours has not married and still lives with his parents. You have been working to help him cut the apron strings so he can be out on his own, independent of his family. This is an example of:

a. Ethnocentrism

b. Effective counseling

c. Therapeutic surrender

d. None of the above

b

Mores are the written laws of society.

a. True

b. False

a

Jerome, an African American client of yours, tells you his best friend’s girlfriend is ‘sick’. You take this to mean she is ill. This is an example of:

a. A connotative error

b. An allopathic viewpoint

c. An autoplastic viewpoint

d. An emic viewpoint

d

What percent of all African American clients do not return after the first visit due to a lack of trust that a Caucasian counselor can help them?

a. 80%

b. 20%

c. 90%

d. 50%

a

Counselors of a/the _____________ culture and counselors of a/the ______________gender offer the best chance at developing a successful relationship.

a. Same, same

b. Same, different

c. Different, same

d. Different, different

c

Of the following, which would be the most likely to be introspective?

a. The 24-year-old male starving artist

b. The 64-year-old retiree on social security

c. The 38-year-old male physician’s assistant

d. The 19-year-old female student

a

A(n) _____________ is any group that is defined by the majority or “power elite” as being different and or inferior based on certain perceived characteristics and as a result are discriminated against.

a. minority

b. special population

c. ethnic group

d. majority

c

The experience of easily connecting and empathizing with a client who is from the same cultural background as the counselor is:

a. Cultural Alliance

b. Cultural Knowledge

c. Cultural Intuition

d. Cultural Sensitivity

d

The feelings of mistrust that Native Americans feel toward White Americans and the American Government is called___________.

a. Oppression

b. Discrimination

c. Prejudice

d. Historical Hostility

b

Jasmine, a trans-gender Latino youth, was taunted and violently attacked by a group of teens while walking through a park. The teens were arrested and all were charged with a ____________.

a. assault

b. hate crime

c. discrimination

d. racism

a

A corporation, institute of higher education social organization that fails to hire, promote, or admit minorities is an example of___________________.

a. institutional racism

b. specification

c. privilege

d. favoritism

c

Which of the following is the societal belief and custom that promotes an assumption that a dominant culture or group is superior in comparison to minority groups and cultures?

a. Cultural isolation

b. Cultural exclusion

c. Cultural racism

d. Cultural sensitivity

d

Matt is in charge of recruiting for the company baseball team. He does not know his co-worker Jose very well but thinks he would make a good member of the team. Matt says to himself, “Well, there are so many Latinos in Major League Baseball…I guess they all must play baseball.” Matt’s thinking is:

a. Hypocritical

b. Ethnocentric

c. Racist

d. Stereotypical

b

___________ is the belief that one’s group, (family, country, culture, belief system) is right and must be defended.

a. Egocentrism

b. Ethnocentrism

c. Racism

d. Agnosticism

c

“I don’t understand why Black people are still complaining about racism. Slavery has been over for a long time now.” This statement is an example of:

a. Ethnocentrism

b. Stereotyping

c. Denial of Racism

d. Discrimination

c

Native-Americans living on reservations, who are denied access to basic resources such as adequate food, health care and education, are considered a(n) ___________ group.

a. ethnic

b. unique

c. marginalized

d. individualistic

c

Many Chinese immigrant workers who came to America to help build the railroad system in the 1800s were taken advantage of economically by the American companies they worked for and by the communities in which they lived. This treatment is considered:

a. Racism

b. Capitalism

c. Exploitation

d. Ethnocentrism

b

Hate crimes against gay, lesbian and trans-gender individuals are acts of _________ that oppress these groups.

a. discrimination

b. violence

c. prejudice

d. racism

c

Which is NOT a characteristic of a culturally competent counselor?

a. Have awareness of how stereotyping, oppression, racism, and discriminatory practices impact the lives of their clients.

b. Work to improve the level of cultural knowledge and sensitivity through education, consulting and cultural immersion activities.

c. Are more knowledgeable about their client’s culture than their own.

d. Have awareness of the mental health characteristics of their diverse clients.

d

An African-American counselor at a community clinic is conducting an intake and makes the comment to her Latino client, “You’re Puerto Rican, right?” The counselor is demonstrating:

a. Cultural competency

b. Cultural psychic-sensitivity

c. Cultural assumption

d. Cultural insensitivity

d

Racial and ethnic minorities tend to be diagnosed with mental health disorders at much higher rate than whites because diagnosis is not always done within a(n) __________.

a. ethnocentric perspective

b. consideration of “normal behavior”

c. ethical setting

d. cultural context

d

__________ may consider looking someone directly in the eye to be disrespectful when speaking face-to-face to someone significantly older or in a position of authority.

a. White Americans

b. African-Americans

c. Western Europeans

d. Latinos

a

Nodding your head or saying, “Uh-huh” are examples of:

a. General leads

b. Reflecting

c. Clarifying

d. Exploring

b

Following a therapy session, you notice you feel angry about a client’s decision to engage in a romantic relationship within six months of separation. It reminds you of a past like experience following your own marital separation. This describes:

a. Transference

b. Countertransference

c. Information giving

d. Raising doubt

b

Which of the following is true about transference?

a. Occurs only in psychiatry/mental health

b. Is an unconscious process

c. It is the transferring of a person, not a relationship

d. An entire relationship is transferred, not only part of it

c

Transference should be:

a. Acknowledged and discussed

b. Ignored

c. Either a or b, depending on the situation

d. Discussed at every session

d

Which of the following are factors that increase the likelihood of transference?

a. Borderline personality disorder or personality features

b. Anxiety about physical and/or psychological safety

c. Frequent contact with workers involved directly in clients’ care

d. All of the above

b

Transference is best managed by:

a. Always addressing it

b. Maintaining professional boundaries

c. Reducing reliability so that the patient does not become dependent on you

d. Both b and c

d

Which of the following is an appropriate way to manage and minimize countertransference?

a. Undergoing personal therapy to allow for increased awareness of our own unconscious needs and fears

b. Eliminating all blind spots

c. Questioning our own attitudes and feelings about a patient or situation

d. Both a and c

a

When people (including interviewers and counselors) mirror each other's body language, it is termed:

a. movement synchrony

b. movement complementarity

c. movement dissynchrony

d. echoing

c

The concept that dual or multiple relationships (between a client and counselor) may lead to the exploitation of clients and impair professional judgment is most closely related to which of the following issues?

a. Privacy

b. Social Justice

c. Power

d. Confidentiality

d

Jennifer leaned toward her client as her eyes began to well up with tears listening intently as her client shared with her the painful experience as a child witnessing her parents and siblings being murdered by the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia. The entire time Jennifer is trying to imagine what that experience must have been like. Jennifer is demonstrating:

a. Sympathy

b. Counter-transference

c. Cognitive dissonance

d. Empathy

c

Who is the most important person in the counseling dyadic relationship?

a. Counselor

b. Client’s family

c. Client

d. Who the client says is most important

b

What is the psychological climate that emerges from interpersonal contact between the counselor and the client?

a. Transference

b. Rapport

c. Counter-transference

d. Reflection of feeling

a

The court has mandated Jerry to attend eight counseling sessions with a therapist. Gary, the counselor, meets the client for the first time. As he is looking at his file he notices domestic violence charges and makes the following comment, “I’m not particularly fond of men who abuse women.” What tenet of person-centered therapy is Gary not fulfilling?

a. Unconditional positive regard

b. Counter transference

c. Transactional Analysis

d. Cultural sensitivity

a

Mandy is with a counselor and notices that, while she is talking, the counselor is nodding off during the session. Mandy confronts the counselor and ask if he was falling asleep on her. The counselor denies being asleep and states that he is actually, “wide awake!” The counselor is not demonstrating:

a. Congruence

b. Competence

c. Consistency

d. Confrontation

a

Cognitions are defined as:

a. People’s thoughts, beliefs, ideas and attitudes toward themselves and others as well as their perception of the world around them

b. The part of human existence that communicates to others how a person responds to what is being said

c. Interventions that mediate the conflict between the id, ego and super-ego

d. Under responsible communication between family members

b

Counselor: “So what I hear you saying is, that you become extremely anxious at the idea of being in a crowd.” This is an example of:

a. Agoraphobia

b. Reflection of Feelings

c. Anxiety

d. Paraphrasing

d

_______ are beliefs and attitudes that provide direction to everyday living, while ______ are beliefs we hold about what constitutes right conduct.

a. Morals; ethics

b. Ethics; values

c. Values; morals

d. Values; ethics

c

The belief that ‘honesty is the best policy’ is an example of:

a. Ethics

b. Morals

c. Values

d. Virtue