Unit 12 - Classification (Biology Honors)

classification

The process of grouping things based on shared qualities or characteristics. In biology, it is the arrangement of organisms into logical, hierarchical categories.

taxonomy

The branch of science concerned with classifying, identifying, and naming living things. It provides the rules and methodology behind biological classification. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Archaea, Bacteria

2 domains of Prokaryotes

Eukarya

1 domain of Eukaryotes

both

Type of nutrition (autotrophic.heterotrophic.both) of Archaea

both

Type of nutrition (autotrophic.heterotrophic.both) of bacteria?

Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

4 kingdoms of eukarya

eukaryotic

cell type of protists -

cel type of fungi - eukaryotic

eukaryotic

cell type of plants

eukaryotic

cell type of animals -

archaebacteria, prokaryotic, both, asexual, unicellular

fill in first row left to right, not last column

eubacteria, prokaryotic, both, asexual, unicellular

fill In second row left to right, not last column

protists, eukaryotic,both, both, both

fill in 3rd row, not last column

fungi, eukaryotic, heterotroph, both, both

fill in 4th row, not last column

plants, eukaryotic, autotroph, both, multicellular

fill in 5th row, not last column

animals,eukaryotic, heterotrophs, both, multicellular

fill in last row, not last column

animals

which kingdom - (no cell walls present?)

plants

which kingdom - (

Perform photosynthesis; contain cellulose cell walls_

fungi

which kingdom -

All contain cell walls made of Chitin

protists

which kingdom- Includes phytoplankton and seaweeds; both use photosynthesis;

heterotrophs

some single celled protists are ______

eubacteria

which kingdom -

Some pathogenic, some helpful; found almost everywhere on Earth; peptidoglycan cell walls

archaebacteria

which kingdom - Live in extreme environments; first life to evolve on Earth; some utilize chemosynthesis; never pathogens

Name the levels of classification from broadest to most specific in order;

• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

less

bigger group —→ _____ in common

more

smaller group —> ____ in common

Binomial nomenclature

 __________ - each type of organism is given a unique, 2-word, latin scientific name showing the genus and species of the organism.  Genus is capitalized

Phylogeny

 the evolutionary history of a species; often classification of organisms is based on their _______

Phylogenetic Tree

- a diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms based on characteristics such as:

biochemical similarities, embryological development, fossil record

Phylogenetic Tree - a diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms based on characteristics such as:

- ________________

- ___________ ________

- ___________-

cladogram

- a diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms based on shared derived traits.

shared derived trait

- traits that organisms have acquired from their ancestors and share with other members of the group

Claude

- a group of species that share certain specific traits that were derived from their ancestors

Dichotomous Key

 a reference tool that uses a series of choices to progressively, lead to the identification of an unknown organism

smaller,

Viruses are much _____ than even bacteria

heritable characters

To build a phylogenetic tree, biologists gather and analyze __________ to determine evolutionary relationships among species. These characters serve as the evidence used to construct data matrices and evaluate common ancestry.

cladogram

- a diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms based on shared derived traits.

clade

- a group of species that share certain specific traits that were derived from their ancestors

Shared derived traits

 traits that organisms have acquired from their ancestors and share with other members of the group

Dichotomous Key

 a reference tool that uses a series of choices to progressively, lead to the identification of an unknown organism

vaccines

- discovered in 1796, used to prepare the immune system for a viral attack

invade

viruses - must _______ other cells in order to replicate themselves

growth, homeostasis, metabolism

viruses say no to _______,_____,ect. (3)

can, within, host cell

viruses____ replicatate, (_____ the _____

DNA or RNA

genetic code of viruses =_______

growth, homeostasis, metabolism, mutation

cells say yes to ____ (4)

DNA

genetic code of cell

independently

cells reproduce _____