breeds, breeding, and reproduction

identifiable cattle breeds worldwide

33 beef breads

51 dairy breeds

18 draft breeds

39 meat-draft

54 meat-dairy

21 dairy-draft

61 meat-dairy-draft

277 BREEDS WORLDWIDE

cattle breed development in the world

british isles or great britain

hereford, angus, shorthorns, galloway

hereford

first breed developed in England

white diff parts

angus

small scottish breed, "oldest breed in britain"

coat is black and red

high dressing percentage

shorthorn

england

excellent milk prod

red to roan white (red spotted)

galloway

scottish breed

easy calvers

thick coat for harsh weather

charolais

french breed

white color with pink muzzle

long bodies

limousin

french breed

gold color

neck is short

simmental

swiss breed

yellowish brown with white markings on diff parts

africander

native south african breed

red

loose skin and drooping ears

christopher columbus

milk, butter, hides, and work

henry clay of kentucky

1st purebred herefords in 1817

aurochs or urus (Bos primigenius)

ancestor of domestic cattle

Bos primigenius primigenius = Bos taurus

Bos primigenius nomadicus = Bos indicus

Antonio Nocom

beef cattle development in the PH

beef breeding

controlled propagation of cattle to improve its qualities which are desirable to man

breeding

several types of mating to combine desirable traits

types of traits

qualitative and quantitative

qualitative trait

distinguishable categories

controlled by single gene

breed uniformity and standards

quantitative trait

controlled by many genes and are highly affected by environment

breeding systems

1. random mating (unplanned)

2. inbreeding

3. outbreeding

random mating

each possible mating has same probability or occurrence

inbreeding

mating of closely related individuals

1. close breeding

2. line breeding

3. strain breeding

close breeding

mating of close relatives

line breeding

mate of not so close relatives

strain breeding

mild form of inbreeding which leads to increase HOMOZYGOSITY

outbreeding

less closely related

1. crossbreeding

2.

crossbredding

takes advantage of heterosis

types of crossbreeding

1. systematic breeding

2. upgrading

breed crosses

two - simmental x brahman

three - holstein friesian x sahiwal x africander

four - kankrej x ongole x gir x krishna valley

signs of estrus

reddening and swelling of the vulva

muscous discharge