Veterinary Respiratory Diseases in Horses and Small Ruminants

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to equine respiratory diseases and conditions affecting small ruminants.

Epiglottic Entrapment

A condition where the epiglottis becomes trapped in the pharynx, leading to less efficient breathing.

Left Laryngeal Hemiplegia

A heritable condition resulting from demyelination of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, causing loss of control of laryngeal muscles and partial airway obstruction.

Dorsal Displacement of Soft Palate (DDSP)

An intermittent condition during peak exercise where the soft palate displaces over the epiglottis, leading to partial obstruction.

Primary Sinusitis

Infection and inflammation of the maxillary and frontal sinuses, usually caused by inhalation of bacteria or fungi.

Secondary Sinusitis

Sinusitis caused by infection of the roots of the upper cheek teeth, commonly seen in mature horses.

Guttural Pouch Empyema

An accumulation of pus in the guttural pouches, often secondary to a previous respiratory infection.

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Fungal plaques located in the guttural pouches, often associated with compromised function of underlying vessels.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A chronic inflammatory lung disease commonly known as 'heaves', characterized by inflammation and constriction of airways.

Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH)

A condition caused by high cardiac output leading to capillary rupture in the lungs, resulting in bleeding during strenuous activity.

Oestrus ovis Infestation

A condition caused by fly larvae that migrate into the nasal cavity of sheep and goats, potentially leading to secondary infections.

Diseases of Upper respitory systems

Epiglottis entrapment

epistaxis

left layrngeal hemipleiga

soft palate dislocation

primary sinusitis

secondary sinusitis

strangles

Gutteral pouch empyema

gutteral puch mycosis

What breed of horse does Epiglottic entrapment occur in?

Thoroughbreds / standardbreds

Clinical signs of Epiglottic entrapment

coughing

respitory noise

poor performance

Diagnosis for epiglottic entrapment

Endoscopy

Left Laryangeal Hemiplegia

ROARING

Heritable condition resulting from deylination of left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Left laryngeal hemiplegia is common in what breed?

Thoroughbreds and draft horses abd 2-3 yrs of age

Clinical signs aof left larygeal hemiplegia

inspiratory noise during excersize

noise becomes progressivley worse

poor performance

Treatment for left larangeal Hemiplegia

Surgery or TIE BACK

Dorsal displacement of soft palate

happens during peak excersize

is common with the vagas nerve

narrowing airways and leads to partial obstrution

most common in race horses

Dorsal displacement of Soft palate clinical signs are

gurgling noise

poor performance

Dyspnea during excerize

Primary sinuritis

Mandible and frontal sinuses

inhalation of bacteria or fungi

YOUNGER HORSES

Primary sinusitis clinical signs

chronic persitant mucopurulent nasal discharge

unilateral

if severe may be dyspnic and may become systemically ill

Diagnosis primary sinusitis

must be differentiated from secondary sinusitis

percussion of sinuses - listeneing for fluid line

radiograph of skull

cutlture and sensitivity

Treatment of Primary sinusitis

Lavage and drain sinuses

Secondary sinusitis is most common in?

mature horses especially with horses with tooth issues

Secondary Sinusitis Clinical signs

Unilateral mcopurulent nasal discharge

maldorous breath

sever enough can cause distortion of face