DNA, RNA, and DNA replication
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9 Terms
What are purines?
Adenine and guanine (Adam and God are pure)
nitrogenous bases with 2-ringed structures
what are pyrimidines?
cytosine, thymine, and uracil
nitrogenous bases with a 1-ringed structure
how many bonds do adenine and thymine/uracil share?
2 hydrogen bonds
how many bonds does guanine and cytosine have?
3 hydrogen bonds
in what direction does DNA polymerase add new nucleotides to the leading/lagging strand?
5’ to 3’ direction ALWAYS
what enzyme unzips DNA for replication?
helicase
what enzyme relieves the tension that builds up as the DNA helix is unwound
topoisomerase
what is needed for DNA replication to start?
an RNA primer made by RNA polymerase
what is the main difference between leading strand DNA synthesis and lagging strand DNA synthesis?
leading strand: DNA is read and replicated continuously in the 5’ → 3’ direction
lagging: DNA is replicated discontinuously and produces Okazaki fragments that are then joined together by DNA ligase