APUSH chapters 19.5-22 in class notes

CHAPTER 19.5

De Lome Letter

• Spanish Minister spoke negatively about McKinley

• called him weak

Teller Amendment 1898

• Sponsored by Republican senator Henry M. Teller of Colorado, this statement denied any intention to exercise control over Cuba and pledged that the government of the island would be left to its inhabitants as soon as peace had been restored there.

• once US overthrew Spanish rule, Cubans would be given their freedom

Emilio Aguinaldo

• president of the Philippines, wanted revenge

• introduced guerilla warfare, but is captured

Open Door Note 1899

• secretary of state John Hay established

• purpose was to ensure the US would not be locked out of China

• Guaranteed equal opportunity of trade and the sovereignty of the Chinese government.

How successful were progressive reforms during the period 1890 to 1915 with respect to

Industrial conditions

• child labor laws

• trangle shirwaist factory

• sherman antitrust act

• poor wages hours

• growing pop in city

• Brooklyn bridge

• immigrant workforce

• social darwinism

• taylorism

• Polk strike

• samual gompers

• WEB De Bois

How successful were progressive reforms during the period 1890 to 1915 with respect to

urban life

• jane adams and hole house

• tenement houses

• city beautiful

• how the other half lives

• skyscraper

• crime

• polution

• departmnet stores

How successful were progressive reforms during the period 1890 to 1915 with respect to

politics

• commission plan

• 17th amendment

• mucrakers

• 19th amendment

• city manager plan

• referendum and initiative

• 18th amendment

• lofoatte

• the jungle

• Lincoln mcstephins

• christain temperance movement

• secret ballot

• 16th amendment

• NAACP

• William Howard taft

• wilson

• federal trade commission and federal reserve act

Progressives

• society was capable of improvement and continued growth and that continued growth and advancement were the nation’s destiny

• grown and progress cant continue to occur recklessly

• the “natural laws” of the marketplace and the doctrines of the laissez faire and social darwinism that supported those laws were not enough

• a modernized gov. must play an important role In the process of an improving society

• mostly middle class, city dwellers, and women

• regulate and break up trusts

• Robert La Follette: founded the Progressive Party in 1924, aiming to create a third political force against the Republican and Democratic parties. He was a staunch advocate for labor rights, women's suffrage, and regulation of corporations to curb their power over politics and society.

Muckrakers

• crusading journalists who began to direct public attention toward social, economic, and political injustices

• committed to exposing scandal, corruption, and injustice to public view

• considered railroads powerful and deeply corrupt[t

• at turn of the century, many were turning their attention to government, particularly urban political machine

• Ida Tarbell: published writtings on the study of the Standard Oil trust company

• Lincoln Steffins:The Shame of the Cities, corruption of municipal gov

Settlement Houses

• many reformers believed nothing produced more distress than crowded immigrant neighborhoods

• in response was the Hull House movement, result of efforts of Jane Adams

• a model for 400 similar buildings

• sought to help immigrant families adapt to the language and customs of their new country

• start of pushing for professional work

• poor women

voting reforms

• intitative: voters could propose legislation

• referendum: final approval of laws would be approved by voters

• recall: gave voters right to remove a public official from office

• Secret Australian Ballot: no one could see who another voted for

• Robert La Follette: “Wisconsin Experiment” - income taxes on inheritances, intitatives and referendums, regulated railroads and industries

WEB Du Bois

• talented ten: 1/10 african americans could get into the upperclass, and they should help their friends acheive this success

• NAACP: led the drive for equal rights

• advocated for full access to education

• challenged racial laws throughout 20th century

Woman’s Christain Temperence Union WCTU

• temperance: progressive measure, claimed drunkness spawned violence in ubran families

• pushed for passage of 18th amendment

• as well as legal abolition of saloons

• would reform male behavior and improve their lives

• 18th Amendment would pass a national prohibition law

Socialism

• Eugene Debs led the socialist party of america, would reach nearly 1 million ballots

• urban immmigrants and protestant farmers supported

• WW1 weakened, for they refused to support the war effort

Square Deal

• focused on conservation, controling corporations, and consumer production

Hepburn Act 1906

• anthracite coal mines in PA: when workers went on strike, TR threatened to seize mine unless owners negotiated - new

• Hepburn Act: in response to the reducing in Interstate Commerence Act

• sought to restore some authority to the government

• satisfied few prgressives

• expanded the power of ICC, limited RRs ability to give free passes

• THEODORE ROOSEVELT

Pure Food and Drug Act 1906

• restricted sale of dangerous or ineffective medicines

• The Jungle influence

• Roosevelt pushed for the passage of the Meat Inspection Act, which helped eliminate many diseases in impure meat

• created Food and Drug administration

• required proper labels and restricted sale of certain medicines

Payne-Aldrich tariff 1909

• Taft is a Republican and does not want to lower tariffs

• reduced tariff rated but barley

• die to president making no effort to overcome the opposition of the congressional Old Guard

• doesn’t make progressives happy

New Nationalism 1910

• Theodore Roosevelt speech, argued social justice was only possible through efforts from a strong federal government

• supported gradual income and inheritance taxes, worker reputation, regulation of women and child labor, tariff revision, and firmer regulation of corporations

• program that Theodore Roosevelt ran on in the election of 1912; large corporations had to be controlled and regulated by a strong President and the federal government that would protect the rights of women, labor, and children.

Bull Moose Party

• Theodore Roosevelt’s third party

• advocated women’s suffrage

New Freedom

• WOODROW WILSON

• believed that bigness was both unjust and inefficent

• proper response to monopoly was not to regulate it, but destroy it

• put forward during election of 1912, business competition could be restored by breaking up the trusts, but Wilson did not believe in having the federal government control the economy

Woodrow Wilson

• won election of 1912

• democrat, wanted to decrease tariffs

• Underwood Simmons Tariff 1913: provided cuts progressives believed were substantial enough to introduce real competition to American markets, thus helped break power of trusts

• outcome: to make up revenue, Congress approved a graduate income law

• 16th amendment: graduated income tax

Federal Reserve Act 1913

• increasing and decreasing money supply

• major reform for American banking system

• be able to shift funds quickly to troubled areas to meet increased demands for credit or to protect

Federal Trade Commission Act

• Wilson proposed to deal with the problem of monpolies

• created a regulatory agency that would help buisness determine in advance whether their actions would be acceptable to the gov

• authority to launch prosecutions to “unfair trade practices”

Gifford Pinchot

• Taft fired Pinchot, who was TR’s buddy and head of Forest Service

• this makes TR angry

Northern Securities Case 1904

• Re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• WIlson lost interest in it and it weakened

• gave more power to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• made interlocking dictories illegal

• made labor unions and agricultural organizations exempt from anti trust prosecution, unlike the Sherman Antitrust act which was against unions

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king and Owen act

• the 1916 Wilson supported

• first federal law regulationg child labor

• not very sucessful

espionage and sedition acts

acts were put in power during WW1 to prevent spying and speaking out against the government

markus garby

black leader of —- accocation

advocated for back to Africa movement, eventually convicted of tax evasion

return to normalcy

warren g harding’s campaign pledge

red scare

communist party was gaining strength, America fear

a Philip ranldoplh

founder of the brotherhood of sleeping car porters

fitzgerald

author of the great gatspy

birth of a nation

charles lindenburg

fought first solo flight across the atlantic