Carbon & Functional groups

Classes of organic molecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Organic Compounds

Contain both carbon and hydrogen

Inorganic Compounds

Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

4 bonds

Number of bonds carbon must form

1 bond

Number of bonds hydrogen must form

2 bonds

Number of bonds oxygen and sulphur (respectively) must form

3 bonds

Number of bonds nitrogen must form

5 bonds

Number of bonds phosphorus must form

Isomers

Molecules with the same chemical formula, but different arrangements of atoms, resulting in different properties

Hydrocarbon

A compound of hydrogen and carbon in chains/rings/branches

Functional groups

Side groups that give molecules certain chemical characteristics/properties.

Hydroxyl

R - OH

Carboxyl

Ketone

Aldehyde

Amine

Sulfhydryl

R - SH

Phosphate

Monomers

small organic molecules (ex. monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides) that serve as building blocks

Polymers

Larger organic molecules (ex. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) that serve important biological functions.