common skin conditions

drugs that turn body fluid brown

entacapone, levodopa, methyldopa

drugs that turn body fluid brown/yellow

nitrofurantoin

drugs that turn body fluid black/green

iron (stool)

drugs that turn body fluid orange/yellow

sulfasalazine

drugs that turn body fluid green

propofol

drugs that turn body fluid redd-orange

rifampin, phenazopyridine,

drugs that turn body fluid red

anthracyclines

drugs that turn body fluid blue

methylene blue, mitoxantrone,

drugs that turn body fluid blue-gray

amiodarone

what is aloe used for

its soothing effects in sunburn and psoriasis

what is tea tree oil

acne

what is lysine used for

cold sore and herpes prevention and treatment

what is biotin used for

hair loss and brittle nails

topical vitamin d is used for

diaper rash and psoriasis

what is the primary determinant of acne and other things that contribute

androgen is the primary dertminant

bacteria like cutibacterium and thensebaceous gland also contribute

things for treating acne

benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, antibiotics,salicylic acid, isotretinoin

how do retinoids work

they are vitamin A derivatives that work by reducing cohesion of follicular epithileal cells. they are teratogenic and must be avoided in pregnanct or breast feeding

how are retinoids applied

apply nightly in a pea-sized amount

how long does retinoid take to work

4-12 weeks and they worsen acne inititally

what tests are required when taking isotretinoin

Liver, lipid, pregnancy

what are some other acne treatments

oral contraceptives pills, azelaic acid, clascoterone

first line treatnent for mild acne

topicals: BPO or retinoid or combination

alternative: add topical retinoid or BPO, switch to another retinoid or topical dapsone

first line treatment for moderate acne

topical: combination or PO antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid (± topical antibiotic)

alternative: other combination, switch PO antibiotic, add combined OCP or spironolactone (females) or PO isotretinoin

first line treatment for severe acne

topicals combination + PO antibiotic or PO isotretinoin

topical retinoids notes

topcal retinoids should be avoided in pregnac

tretinoin has slower relase and less skin irritation

tretinoin brand names

atralin, renova, retin-a, retin-a micro, altreno

benzoyl peroxide counseling

can bleach clothing

what can occur with clascoterone

HPA Axis suppression

avoid dapsone gel in

G6PD deficiency

isotretinoin boxed warning

birth defects have been documented

can only be dispensed by a pharmacy registered with the REMS (IPLEDGE PROGRAM, 1 month Rx at a time

isotretinoin notes

patients who can get pregnant must sign informed consent form about birth defects

must have 2 negative pregnancy tests prior to starting

do not use vitamin a supplements , tetracyclines, progestin only contraceptives, st johns wort

isotretinoin safety and counseling

dry skin, lips, dry eyes/eye irritation

2 forms of birth control are required (cannot use a progestin only pill)

oral antibiotics (doxycyline and minocycline safety and counseling

photosensitivity, fetal harm, discoloration in teeth

how is abreva used in cold sores

apply 5x daily at first sign of outbreak

how to use zovirax cream

apply 5x a day for 4 days

what is dandruff

causes white itchy flakes of dead skin cells in the hair

otc drug for dandruff

ketoconazole 1% shampoo (nizoral a-d), selenium sulfide, pyrithione zinc (head and shoulders), coal for shampoos (T/Gel)

rx for dandruff

ketoconazole 2% shampoo

drugs that cause alopecia

chemotherapeutic agents

valproate acid

lamotrigine

tacrolimus

what kinds of deficiencies contribute to hair loss

biotin, zinc, selenium, and vitamin d deficiency

drugs used for alopecia

finasteride (propecia) tablet

minoxidil topicals

bimatoprost

finasteride dosing

1 mg daily; can take >3 months to begin to see effect

finasteride contraindication

pregnancy

finasteride warning

hazardous drug for females of childbearing potential

finasteride moa

inhibits 5 alpha reductase type 2

bimatoprost is used for

for thinning eyelashes (hypotrichosis)

do not use bimatoprost with

prostaglandin analogs used for glaucoma (IOP may increase)

how is bimatoprost applied

nightly with applicator brushto skin at the base of the upper eyelashes

diaper rash prevention

petrolatum ointment

petrolatum with zinc oxide (a desicant)

diaper rash treatment

nystatin if yeast is thought to be involved

how does eczema appear

itchy, red, dry skin rashes and may turn into crusty, scaly sores

what reduces severity of eczema

hydration and mositurizers

what reduces utching in eczema

antihistamines

what are treatment options in eczema

otc: aquaphor, eucerin

topical steroids, and topical calcineurin inhibitors

topical PDE4 inhibitors

interleukin receptor antagonists

counseling for topical products in eczema

wash hands after application

topical calcineurin inhibitors counseling

do not use in children age <2 associated with lymphoma and cancer

athlete’s foot symptoms

itching, peeling, redness, mild burning

athlete’s foot is most common in

people that use public pools, showers and locker rooms

what is a ringworm on the scalp

tinea capitis

where does jock itch affect

genitas, inner thighs, and buttocks

the rash is red,itchy and can be ring haped

topical candida infections cause rashes where

groins, armpits, or anywhere the skin folds

drugs used in fingal infectiond

terbinafine

butenafine

clotrimazole

miconazole

tolnaftate

undecyclenic acid

terbinafine brand name

lamisil AT

butenafine brand name

lotrimin ultra

miconazole brand name

lotrimin AF

tolnaftate

tinactin

betamathasone/clotrimazole brand name

lotrisone

athletes food counseling

if infection is on the foot, avoid walking barefoot to prevent spreading

ring worm counseling

apply medication 1-2 inches beyond the rash

how long should topicals in fungal rash be used

2-4weeks

what is onychomycosis

a fungal infection of the nail

topical drugs in nail infections

not potent enough

what is used to treat fungal nail infections (2)

itraconazole and terbinafine

when is pulse therapy used in nail infections

used to reduce cost but may not be as effective

what test is used to diagnose fungal nail infections

20% potassium hydroxide smear

itraconazole boxed warning

avoid use in heart failure

itra and terbinafine are both hepatotoxic

in vaginal infections pregnant patients should

consult their physician. longer duration may be required (7-10 days)

a pH >4.5 is consistent with

bacterial vaginosis ot trichomoniasis infextion

how to test vaginal pH

OTC test kits

if more than 4 vaginal infections ina year or symptoms recur within 2 months

refer to physician to rule out other causes

how to treat mild - moderate infrequent vaginal infections

1, 3,or 7 day treatment with vaginal cream, ointment, tablet or suppository

OTC topicals for vaginal infectiond

clotrimazole

miconazole (monistat 3)

vaginal infection rx topicals

butoconazole (gynazole-1)

vaginal infections rx oral

fluconazole 150 mg PO X1

hemerrhoids drugs and how they work

psyllium: increasing fiber intake can reduce straining

phenylephrine: vasoconstrictor that shrinks the hemerrhoid and reduces burning and itching

hydrocortisone (anusol- HC): reduce itching and inflammation

witch hazek ( tucks medicated cooling pads): mild astringent that can relieve mild itching

what is used to treat scabies

permethrin cream 5%

what is used to treat lice

topical OTC drugs are first line permethrin lotion 1%, and pyrethrina

what is the scientific name for lice

pediculus humanus capitis

what shoukd you do after treatment of lice

use a nit comb to remove nits and lice every 2-3 days

malathion lotion 0.5% causes

skin irritation and is flammable

most lice products require

re-treatment

pinworm occurs mostly in ? and presents as ?

occurs mostly in children and presents as anal itching

what drugs are used for pinworm infections

mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate

what is the tape test

used in pinworm infection to identify eggs; sticl a piece of tape around the anus in the morning

how many tape tests does it take to identify eggs in pinworm

it can take up to three tape tests to idientify eggs

when are albendazole and mebendazole used in pinworm

systemic worm infections

what do mebendazole cause

headache, nausea, and hepatotoxic

permethrin 1% lotion brand name

Nix

pyrethrin/piperonyl butoxide brand name

RID

what is the most common method of debridement in wounds

enzymatic debridement which is done with the application of collagenase ointment