Grade 10th History Second Semester Lecture Notes

Derg regime

The government led by Mengistu Haile Mariam that collapsed in 1991 prior to the EPRDF's rise to power.

1991 London Conference

The meeting that led to the formation of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE).

Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE)

The interim administration established in 1991 following the fall of the Derg regime.

1995 Constitution (Regional Structure)

The document that initially established 9 regional states and 2 chartered cities in Ethiopia.

House of Federation

The governmental body in Ethiopia's system responsible for interpreting the constitution and resolving ethnic disputes.

Ethnic Self-Determination

A major change introduced by the 1995 constitution, recognizing this right up to and including secession.

Prosperity Party

The ruling party formed after 2018 following the departure of the TPLF from the coalition.

Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)

A major infrastructure project that began construction in 2011.

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

Donor programs from the IMF and World Bank that heavily influenced Ethiopia's economic reforms in the 1990s.

Djibouti Port

The primary maritime trade port used by Ethiopia since the loss of Eritrean ports.

Algiers Agreement (2000)

The peace agreement that concluded the Ethio-Eritrea border war.

Industrial Development Zones (IDZs)

Economic zones established after 2010 located in Bole Lemi, Hawassa, Kombolcha, and Dire Dawa.

Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP)

Economic plans (I & II) that allocated the largest share of government spending to infrastructure like roads, dams, and railways.

METEC

The Metals and Engineering Corporation, primarily involved in defense and large-scale industrial manufacturing.

2005 National Election

A significant historical event in Ethiopia characterized by unprecedented opposition gains and subsequent disputes.

Woreda

The district level of administration within Ethiopia's ethnic federal system.

Secession Rights

Under the 1995 constitution, this process requires a two-thirds majority vote in the regional council followed by a national referendum.

Fichee-Chambalaalla

A UNESCO intangible heritage festival belonging to the Sidama people.

National Language Policy (1994)

A policy recognizing equal status for all Ethiopian languages at the regional level, with Amharic as the working language of the federal government.

TPLF

The Tigray People's Liberation Front, which became the dominant force in the EPRDF coalition.

Federal Parliamentary Republic

The structure of the federal government as established under the 1995 constitution.

Oromia Regional State

One of the major ethnic federal states established after 1991.

Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI)

The economic policy adopted by the EPRDF government in the 1990s.

1993 UN Referendum

The international event that formalized the separation of Eritrea from Ethiopia.

Ethio-Eritrea Border War

A conflict lasting from 1998 to 2000 that heavily impacted Ethiopia's development.

EPRDF

The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front coalition.

Addis Ababa Light Rail

A major transport infrastructure project completed in 2015.

Indigenous Knowledge (IK)

Local knowledge unique to a given culture or society.

Qanat

An example of traditional Ethiopian water management involving underground canal systems or traditional wells.

Gadaa System

An indigenous governance system of the Oromo people where political power is transferred every 8 years.

Rock-hewn churches

The specific architectural heritage famously associated with Lalibela.

Debo or Wonfel

Terms in Ethiopian indigenous knowledge referring to a labor cooperation system or collective farming.

Semena Worq (Wax and Gold)

A traditional Ethiopian method of poetry and literary interpretation in Amharic.

Tukul or Hidmo

Traditional Ethiopian housing designed for circular shapes and local climate adaptation.

Ge'ez script

The historical script from which the indigenous scripts used to write Amharic and Tigrinya are derived.

Trigonometric Equation Example

An exercise to solve for $\theta$ given the equation $$5 ext