psychology theories: test 3

horney

caregivers and relationships children have with them effects the way they learn

Ainsworth proved the theory

piaget

only when the brain is ready do we learn (stages)

erickson

positive vs. negative theory; if you don’t end up on the positive side of the stage, you won’t succeed further.

vygotsky

social and cultural factors influence cognition

scaffolding (kids copy what they see adults do)

ZPD: the closer to you, the greater influence

ainsworth

attachment theory: whether infants have an emotional connection to their care giver

strange situation paradigm

primarily used mothers

kohlberg

moral development; 3 stages, only used men

pre-conventional: don’t know right vs wrong

conventional: know the consequences

post conventional: cautious because of life

kubler-ross

dying and death; the 5 stages of grief

freud

anything psycho _____

Id

most primitive, unconscious, guided by pleasure principle

ego

manipulates situations , mostly conscious level, guided by reality principle

superego

guided behaviors to follow rules of society/ any authority, referred to as our conscious, majority preconscious/ unconscious

alder

humans aren’t just pleasure seekers, they are conscious and intentional with their actions/behaviors, motivated by the need to feel superior from a young age

jung

analytic psychology; deemphasized biological urges( sex+ aggression), instead emphasized on growth, insight, and balance

personality is made up of ego, personal unconscious and collective unconsciousness

watson proved this theory correct

bandura social cognitive perspective

personality results from relationships and environmental factors(social) and patterns of thinking (cognitive)

pros: recognizes that people aren’t exclusive products of the environment, but are dynamic agents agents able to affect the environment

cons: didn’t recognize the importance of unconsciousness

allport

first person to make theory about traits; created a list of traits to help determine personality’s; 16 pairs, used websters dictionary

eysenck

3 dimensions of personality; worked to find biological basis for dimensions

introversion/extroversion

neurotism

psychotism

McCrae and coastas 5 factor model of personality’s

OCEAN:

openness to experience

conscientiousness

extroversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

monozygotic twins

identical twins

dizygotic twins

fraternal twins

genotype

genetics

phenotype

physical

babinsk

toes curl

moro

startle