Chem Ch 16 notes

Strong Acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

Strong bases

group 1 and 2 hydroxides

lower acid =

higher pH (more basic)

weak acids and bases ICE charts

use x to determine the H+ or OH-

strong acids and bases ICE charts

they fully dissociate, so the reactants end in 0, the products end in the moles of the reactants (molarity)

Ka and Kb

set up an ice chart for the problem, write the K expression (products over reactants, no liquid or solids, x²/M), if solving for Ka find the H+ from pH, if finding Kb find the pOH, then the OH-. Then solve for Ka/b by plugging in the H+ or OH-, then dividing by the molarity

Arrhenius model

acids contains hydrogen and dissociates to produce hydrogen ions in water

bases contain a hydroxide group and dissociate to produce hydroxide ions in water

Conjugate acids/bases

conj. acid - the substance produced when a base accepts H+

conj. base - the substance produced when an acid gives up an H+

Buffers

adding more acid makes it lean to the side with less acid, base opposite

neutralization reaction

when acids and bases combine to form water