bio final test guide

gene

portion of a dna molecule that carries the code for a specific protein

locus

the location of a gene on a specific chromosome

allele

an alternate form of a gene; all the different variations of a gene for one trait.

dominant gene

gene or trait that masks or overshadows a recessive gene or trait

□

male

■●

not affected

○

female

pleiotropy

1 gene or pair of genes affects multiple traits

polygenic inheritance

multiple interactions of different genes to get 1 trait

codominance

both traits are equally expressed

incomplete dominance

an in-between trait is expressed

First synthetic plastics patented by whom and what year?

Alexander Parkes in 1856

Earlier plastics were made from ___

plant cellulose

Modern plastics contain ________

hormone disrupters.

amount of plastic produced since the 50s

8 billion tons

How many microplastic particles ingested by americans each year

74,000

Number of people added annually to the world's population (growth rate) peaked in what year?

1990, 90 million

The number of persons born per year (natality)

birthrate

The number who die per year (mortality)

death rate

growth rate

The difference between the number of persons born per year and the number who die per year.

Define renewable resources

Capable of being naturally replenished

Define nonrenewable resources

Limited in supply.

pollution.

Any environment change that adversely affects the lives and health of living organisms.

percentage of worlds population that lives within 60 miles of a coastline

40%

monoculture

Planting the same type of crop on a field.

What is agricultural runoff?

Water from precipitation and irrigation that flows over fields into bodies of water or aquifers.

Give 2 examples of invasive species.

Zebra mussel, Japanese honeysuckle

Descent with modification

natural selection, the mechanism of biological evolution.

artificial selection

Humans determining which plants or animals are crossed to create the next generation

culture

the group of human activities and products that are passed down through generations outside of genetic inheritance.

Culture is dependent on ______

the capacity to speak and transmit knowledge

Humans beings belong to the group _____

anthropoids

We belong to the genus and species ____

homo sapiens

Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are called _____

biomes

Consume inorganic substances to produce energy.

autotrophs, producers

consume organic substances to produce energy.

heterotrophs, consumers

earthworms, beetles and termites 

detritus eaters

niche

the role of an organism in an ecosystem 

a diagram that describes trophic, or feeding, relationships 

food web