Disorders

generalized anxiety disorder

• worries about everything, including minor things

• accompanied by symptoms such as sleep disturbances and irritability

• leads to procrastination and over preparation

• neuroticism

• insidious onset

panic disorder

• unexpected panic attacks

• persists for one month or more

• anxiety, worry, or fear of another attack

agoraphobia

• fear or avoidance of situations/events

• concern of being unable to escape in the event of panic symptoms

specific phobias

• extreme and irrational fear of specific object or situation

• feared situation provokes anxiety

• significant impairment or distress

• female to male ratio 4:1

• can be from direct experience, vicarious, info transmission

separation anxiety disorder

• unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to self or loved ones when apart

• anxiety about leaving loved ones

social anxiety disorder

• extreme/irrational concern about being negatively evaluated by other people

• significant impairment or distress

• avoidance of feared situations

• subtype is performance anxiety

• female = male

• adolescent onset

• D-cycloserine treatment

selective mutism

• childhood disorder characterized by lack of speech

• must occur for 1 > month, and cannot be the first month of school

• high comorbidity with SAD

post traumatic stress disorder

• trauma exposure

• continued re-experience

• avoidance of situation

• emotional numbing

• interpersonal problems

• must be occurring for 1 > month or more

• can be experience, witness, learning, death exposure

• most people who undergo traumatic events do NOT develop this

acute stress disorder

• symptoms of PTSD lasting less than one month

adjustment disorder

• anxious or depressive reactions to life stress

• milder than PTSD/acute stress disorder

• occur in reaction to stressors like moving, new job, divorce

• clinically significant distress or impairment

attachment disorder

• disturbed and developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children

• child is unable/unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults

• occurs because of inadequate or neglectful care in early childhood

reactive attachment disorder

• abnormally withdrawn and inhibited behavior

• less receptive to support from caregivers

• child will seldom reach out for protection, support, or nurturance

disinhibited social engagement disorder

• pattern of abnormally low inhibition in children

• example: approaching unfamiliar adults without fear

obsessive-compulsive disorder

• marked by obsessions and compulsions

• experiencing anxiety unless the required actions are completed

• categories include → checking, ordering, arranging, washing/cleaning

Tic disorder

• involuntary movements

• often co-occurs in patients with OCD

• sometimes used as compulsive behaviors

tourette syndrome

• two or more motor tics + one vocal tic

• for more than one year

body dysmorphic disorder

• preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance

• lifelong course

• early adolescent onset

hoarding disorder

• excessively collecting and keeping items with minimal value, leading to clutter and space disruption

• men = women

• grows worse with each passing decade

trichotillomania

• often done when under stress

• urge to pull one’s hair out from anywhere on the body

excoriation

• repetitive and compulsive picking of the skin, leading to tissue damage

• face, lips, nails are common targets

somatic symptom disorder

• presence of one or more somatic symptoms

• excessive thoughts, feelings, behaviors relating to the symptoms

• impairment in functioning, obsessed with the SYMPTOMS

illness anxiety disorder

• anxiety about acquiring a certain disease

• medical reassurance does not help

• fear of DISEASE

conversion disorder

• also called functional neurological symptom disorder

• altered motor or sensory function that is inconsistent with neural/medical conditions

• could be indifferent

• NOT faking symptoms

factitious disorder

• purposely faking symptoms for no obvious gains

• subset: “________ _______ imposed on another”

depersonalization/derealization disorder

• recurrent episodes in which a person has sensations of unreality of one’s own body or sensation

• easily distractible

• may have dysregulation of HPA axis in the brain

dissociative amnesia

• includes several forms of psychogenic memory

• includes dissociative fugue → person travels during the

dissociative trance

• replacement of the customary sense of personal identity by a new one, attributed to a higher power

• only considered a disorder if it leads to distress

• Nigeria (vinvusa), Thailand (phii pob)

dissociative identity disorder

• formerly multiple personality disorder

• adoption of several new identities, average 15

• alters, host, switch

• happens because of extreme childhood trauma

major depressive episode

• extremely depressed mood and anhedonia

• nearly every day for at least TWO weeks

• at least 4 additional physical or cognitive symptoms

manic episode

• elevated, expansive mood

• at least ONE week

• impairment in normal functioning

hypomanic episode

• shorter, less severe version of manic episodes

• lasts at least FOUR days

• fewer and milder symptoms

major depressive disorder

• one or more major depressive episodes separated by periods of remission

• recurrent

persistent depressive disorder

• at least TWO YEARS of depressive symptoms

• also called dysthymia

• depressed mood most of the day on more than 50% of days

• no more than two months symptom free

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

• significant depressive symptoms occuring prior to menses during the majority of cycles

• leads to distress and impairment

disruptive mood regulation disorder

• severe temper outbursts occurring frequently

• diagnosed only in children 6-12 yrs

• combats bipolar disorder diagnosis in kids

bipolar 1

alternations between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

bipolar 2

alterations between major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes

cyclothymic disorder

• alterations between less severe depressive and hypomaniac periods

• episodes do not meet criteria for full major depressive episode

• must last at least two years

cluster A personality disorders

odd or eccentric

cluster B personality disorders

dramatic or erratic

cluster C personality disorders

fearful or anxious

paranoid personality disorder

• pervasive mistrust of everyone

• few meaningful relationships

• low life quality

• could be because of captive experience (refugees, POW)

schizoid personality disorder

• preference for isolation

• resembles autism

• very limited emotional expression

schizotypal personality disorder

• behavior and dress is odd or unusual

• socially isolated and highly suspicious

• magical thinking, illusions

• milder form of schizophrenia

• many meet the criteria for major depression

antisocial personality disorder

• failure to comply with social norms

• no remorse or conscience

• sociopath

• inconsistent parental discipline

• there is often a history of violent behavior

borderline personality disorder

• extremely unstable

• self-mutilation and suicidal gestures

• comorbidity rates are high

• high shame, low self-esteem

• dialectical behavior therapy

histrionic personality disorder

• overly dramatic and sensational

• may be sexually provocative

• more likely to affect women

• they NEED attention

narcissistic personality disorder

• exaggerated self importance

• preoccupation with receiving attention

• lack sensitivity and compassion for others

• highly sensitive to criticism, envious, insecure, arrogant

avoidant personality disorder

• extreme sensitivity to the opinions of others

• highly avoidant of relationships

• low self esteem

• treatment = increasing social contact

dependent personality disorder

• reliance on others to make all life decisions

• fear of abandonment

• avoidance of disagreement

• clingy and submissive

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

• excessive and rigid fixation of doing things the right way

• super perfectionistic

• difficulty with spontaneity

• unwilling to delegate tasks because others will do them wrong

• obsessions and compulsions are rare

delirium

• neurocognitive disorder

• impaired consciousness and cognition

• develops rapidly

• appear confused, disorientated, inattentive, memory and language deficit

• full recovery within weeks

major neurocognitive disorder

• also called dementia

• gradual deterioration of brain functioning affecting memory, language, judgement, etc

• decrease in previous functioning that interferes with ADL

neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s

• due to alzheimer’s

• aphasia, apraxia, agnosia

vascular neurocognitive disorder

• caused by blockage or damage to blood vessels

• onset is sudden

• 2nd leading cause of neurocognitive disorder

frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

broadly refers to damage to the frontal or temporal regions of the brain, affecting personality, language, behavior

neurocognitive disorder due to Pick’s disease

rare condition that accounts for 5% of all dementia diagnoses.

produces a cortical dementia like alzheimer’s → occurs relatively early in life

neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

accidents are the leading cause, memory loss is the most common symptom, last for at least one week after injury

neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease

disorder due to lewy bodies → protein deposits

impaired attention, alertness, hallucinations

neurocognitive disorder due to parkinson’s

brain problems, comorbid with parkinson’s

neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection

dementia because of a disease

neurocognitive disorder due to Huntington’s disease

• genetic autosomal dominant disorder

• dementia follows a subcortical pattern

neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease

• disorder of misfolded proteins in the brain

• no known treatment, always fatal

• aquired through cannibalism

substance/medication induced neurocognitive disorder

• results from extended drug use, especially with poor diet

• brain damage may be permanent

mild neurocognitive disorder

early stages of cognitive decline