Y9 Science Diseases

Y9 Disease test revision

What is a disease?

A condition that affects how the body functions.

What is an infectious disease?

A disease caused by pathogens that can spread between people.

What is a non-infectious disease?

A disease that cannot spread between people.

What are pathogens?

Microorganisms that cause disease.

Give 2 examples of infectious diseases.

Flu, measles

Give 2 examples of non-infectious diseases.

Diabetes, cancer

What are the 3 categories of non-infectious diseases?

Genetic, lifestyle, environmental

Give an example of a genetic disease and its cause.

Cystic fibrosis – caused by faulty genes

Give an example of a lifestyle disease and its cause.

Heart disease – caused by poor diet/smoking

Give an example of an environmental disease and its cause.

Skin cancer – caused by UV radiation

What are viruses?

Pathogens that need host cells to reproduce.

Give an example of a viral disease.

COVID-19 or flu

What are bacteria?

Single-celled organisms that can reproduce on their own.

Give an example of a bacterial disease.

Tuberculosis or food poisoning

What are fungi?

Organisms that grow in warm, moist environments.

Give an example of a fungal disease.

Athlete’s foot

What are protozoa/parasites?

Organisms that live in or on a host and take nutrients.

Give an example of a protozoan disease.

Malaria

What are transmission pathways?

Ways diseases spread between people.

Name 3 transmission pathways.

Air, direct contact, contaminated surfaces

What happens when pathogens enter the body?

They reproduce and damage cells or release toxins.

What is the incubation period?

Time between infection and symptoms appearing.

How does infection begin?

Pathogens enter the body and start multiplying.

What is an outbreak?

A sudden increase in cases in one area.

Give 2 examples of personal hygiene practices.

Washing hands, covering coughs

How do vaccines work?

They train the immune system to recognise and fight pathogens.

What is isolation?

Separating infected people from others.

What is quarantine?

Separating people who may have been exposed.

What is physical distancing?

Keeping space between people to reduce spread.

How do masks help?

They reduce the spread of droplets.

How does food safety prevent disease?

By stopping contamination and killing pathogens.

Give an example of an individual-level prevention method.

Hand washing

Give an example of a community-level prevention method.

Vaccination programs

Which methods prevent infection?

Vaccines, hygiene

Which methods reduce transmission?

Quarantine, distancing

What is public health?

Actions to protect and improve community health.

What is herd immunity?

When enough people are immune to stop disease spreading.

What is screening?

Testing to detect disease early.

What is epidemiology?

Study of disease spread and patterns.

Give an example of a health campaign.

Slip, Slop, Slap

What is contact tracing?

Identifying and informing people who were exposed.