Introduction to Mental Health Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the introductory concepts of mental health and mental illness, including definitions, influencing factors, classification systems (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11), and principles of psychiatric nursing practice.

How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define health?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellness, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

What term did Maslow use to describe a person who is "psychologically healthy, fully human, highly evolved, and fully mature"?

Self-actualization

According to Maslow, what are five characteristics of mentally healthy individuals?

An appropriate perception of reality, a positive attitude toward self, the ability to accept oneself and others, the capacity for focusing concentration on problem solving, and independence or autonomy.

What are the three categories of factors influencing a person's mental health?

Individual (personal), Interpersonal (relationship), and Social/cultural (environmental).

What are examples of individual or personal factors influencing mental health?

Biologic makeup, autonomy and independence, self-esteem, capacity for growth, vitality, ability to find meaning in life, emotional resilience, sense of belonging, reality orientation, and coping abilities.

What is the definition of mental illness according to the lecture notes?

Disorders that affect mood, behavior, and thinking, such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and addictive disorders, which often cause significant distress or impaired functioning.

According to the National Institutes of Health (2018), which age group had the highest prevalence of mental illness?

The $18$ to $25$ age group.

What is the leading cause of disability for persons $15$ to $44$ years of age?

Mental disorders

What is the definition of psychosis?

A severe mental disorder characterized by gross impairment in reality testing, typically manifested by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or disorganized or catatonic behavior.

What are the three purposes of the DSM-5?

1. To provide a standardized nomenclature and language for mental health professionals. 2. To present defining characteristics/symptoms that differentiate specific diagnoses. 3. To assist in identifying the underlying causes of disorders.

What does ICD stand for and which organization develops it?

International Classification of Diseases, developed and annually updated by the WHO.

What are the basic-level functions of Psychiatric Nursing Practice?

Counseling, Milieu therapy, Self-care activities, Psychobiologic interventions, Health teaching, Case management, and Health promotion and maintenance.

What are the advanced-level functions of Psychiatric Nursing Practice?

Psychotherapy, Consultation and liaison, Evaluation, Program development and management, and Clinical supervision.

In the principles of psychiatric nursing, how is "Acceptance" expressed by the nurse?

By being non-judgmental and non-punitive, showing interest in the patient as a person, recognizing feelings, talking with a purpose, permitting expression of strong feelings, and active listening.

What is the definition of "Consistency" in the context of contributing to a patient's security?

Having a certain pattern that does not change from one day to the other.

Which types of statements should be avoided when giving reassurance to a patient?

Statements like "you definitely will get well very soon," "your fears are groundless," "nothing to worry," or "all will end well."

In the context of psychiatric nursing observation, what is "Objectivity"?

The ability to evaluate patient behavior without mixing one's own feelings, opinion, or judgment.

What steps should a nurse take if physical force must be used on a patient?

Carry out the procedure quickly and firmly with adequate help, do not show anger, ensure the patient does not feel punished, and never remind the patient of the incident again.

What are social/cultural factors that contribute to mental illness?

Lack of resources, violence, homelessness, poverty, an unwarranted negative view of the world, and discrimination (stigma, racism, classism, ageism, and sexism).

What is the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?

The DSM-5-TR, published in March $2022$.