unit 5 psychology

distressful

Causes emotional pain or suffering

deviant

Behavior that violates social norms

dysfunctional

Impair normal functioning in daily life

DSM

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders used to diagnose disorders

international classification of mental disorders

Global system (ICD) used to classify mental disorders

eclectic approach

Uses multiple types of therapy techniques

behavioral

Focuses on learned behaviors and conditioning

psychodynamic

Focuses on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences

humanistic

Emphasizes personal growth and self-worth

cognitive

Focuses on thoughts, beliefs, and thinking patterns

evolutionary

Behavior explained through natural selection and survival

biological

Focuses on genetics, brain structure, and neurochemistry

sociocultural

Focuses on social and cultural influences

interaction models

Explains behavior through interaction of multiple factors

biopsychosocial model

Combines biological, psychological, and social factors

diathesis-stress model

Disorders result from vulnerability plus stress

ADHD

Disorder with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

autism spectrum

Developmental disorder affecting communication and behavior

schizophrenia

Severe disorder with distorted thinking and perception

acute

Short-term disorder

chronic

Long-term or persistent disorder

positive symptoms

Additions to normal behavior such as hallucinations

delusions

False beliefs not based in reality

delusion of persecution

Belief others are out to harm you

delusion of grandeur

Belief you are extremely important or powerful

hallucinations

Sensory experiences without external stimulus

disorganized thinking

Illogical or incoherent thought patterns

disorganized motor behavior

Abnormal movements or actions

catatonic excitement

Agitated excessive movement without purpose

catatonic stupor

Lack of movement or response

negative symptoms

Absence of normal behaviors

flat affect

Reduced emotional expression

major depressive disorder

Persistent sadness and loss of interest

persistent depressive disorder

Long-term mild depression

mania

Elevated mood, energy, and impulsive behavior

bipolar

Disorder with manic and depressive episodes

BP1

Bipolar I with full manic episodes

BP2

Bipolar II with hypomania and depression

specific phobia

Intense fear of a specific object or situation

acrophobia

Fear of heights

arachnophobia

Fear of spiders

agoraphobia

Fear of open or crowded spaces

panic disorder

Recurrent panic attacks

ataque de nervios

Culture-specific emotional outburst related to panic

social anxiety

Fear of social situations and judgment

taijin kyofusho

Fear of offending or embarrassing others

generalized anxiety disorder

Chronic excessive worry

OCD

Obsessive compulsive disorder with obsessions and compulsions

obsessions

Intrusive unwanted thoughts

compulsions

Repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety

hoarding disorder

Difficulty discarding possessions

dissociative amnesia

Memory loss due to trauma

fugue

Memory loss with identity confusion and travel

anorexia

Extreme restriction of food intake

bulimia

Binge eating followed by purging

personality disorder

Rigid unhealthy personality patterns

cluster A

Odd or eccentric disorders

cluster B

Dramatic emotional disorders

cluster C

Anxious fearful disorders

paranoid

Distrust and suspicion of others

schizoid

Detachment from social relationships

schizotypal

Odd behavior and thinking

antisocial

Disregard for others’ rights

histrionic

Attention-seeking dramatic behavior

narcissistic

Inflated self-importance

borderline

Unstable relationships and emotions

avoidant

Fear of rejection and social inhibition

dependent

Excessive need to be taken care of

obsessive compulsive personality

Perfectionism and control

meta-analysis

Combines results of many studies

cultural humility

Respect and awareness of cultural differences

therapeutic alliance

Relationship between therapist and client

deinstitutionalization

Moving patients out of mental hospitals

fidelity

Commitment to professional standards

decentral treatment

Community-based mental health care

nonmaleficence

Do no harm

integrity

Honesty and accuracy in research

free association

Saying whatever comes to mind

dream interpretation

Analyzing dreams for hidden meaning

person-centered therapy

Client-centered growth approach

active listening

Fully focusing and responding to speaker

unconditional positive regard

Accepting client without judgment

cognitive reconstruction

Changing negative thought patterns

fear hierarchies

Ranking fears from least to most anxiety-provoking

cognitive triad

Negative thoughts about self, world, and future

exposure therapy

Gradual exposure to feared stimuli

systematic desensitization

Exposure with relaxation techniques

aversion therapy

Pairing behavior with unpleasant stimulus

token economies

Reward system for desired behaviors

biofeedback

Using feedback to control body functions

cognitive behavior therapy

Combines cognitive and behavioral techniques

dialectical behavior therapy

CBT focused on emotional regulation

rational emotive behavior therapy

Changing irrational beliefs

age regression

Returning to earlier developmental stage

memory retrieval

Accessing stored memories

psychoactive meds

Drugs that affect brain function

antidepressants

Treat depression by increasing neurotransmitters

antianxiety drugs

Reduce anxiety

lithium

Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder

antipsychotic drugs

Reduce psychotic symptoms