Review of U.S. History from 1980 to Present

These flashcards cover key concepts and events in U.S. history from 1980 to the present, emphasizing political, economic, and social developments.

The Reagan Era

Refers to the period during Ronald Reagan's presidency (1981-1989), marked by a shift in Cold War policy and domestic economic strategies.

Evil Empire

A term used by President Reagan to describe the Soviet Union in the early years, indicating a strong anti-communist stance.

Americans with Disabilities Act

A significant piece of legislation passed in 1990 aimed at preventing discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

The Great Recession of 2008

An economic downturn that resulted from the burst of the housing bubble and subprime mortgage crisis, leading to a global financial crisis.

Obama’s Affordable Care Act

Also known as Obamacare, this act aimed to provide more Americans with access to affordable health insurance.

The Gulf War

A conflict in 1990-91 where U.S. troops were deployed to counter Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, demonstrating U.S. foreign military engagement.

START treaties

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties negotiated by President George H.W. Bush to further reduce nuclear stockpiles.

Dodd-Frank Act

A U.S. federal law that places regulations on the financial industry to prevent another financial crisis after the Great Recession.

Globalization Positives

Increased global trade, creation of economic organizations, and an interconnected global economy.

Globalization Negatives

The growing gap between rich and poor countries and loss of jobs in developed nations due to outsourcing.

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1996

Legislation aimed at controlling illegal immigration while providing pathways for undocumented immigrants to gain legal status.

Terrorism Impact

A significant challenge faced by the U.S. since the late 20th century, particularly with events like 9/11 reshaping foreign and domestic policies.

Subprime Mortgages

High-risk loans offered to borrowers with poor credit, which contributed to the housing market collapse in 2008.

Bush’s Internal Issues

Controversies such as the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court and economic challenges faced during his presidency.

Healthcare Gap

The disparity in health coverage, particularly in gender income pay gaps addressed by the Affordable Care Act.

ISIS

A terrorist organization that emerged in the wake of the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq, causing significant instability in the region.

Domestic terrorism

Incidents of violence within the U.S. attributed to extremist groups, highlighted by events such as the Boston Marathon bombing.

Period 3 Elements\n\n

Includes sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), and argon (Ar).

Properties of Period 3 Elements\n\n

This period shows a trend from metallic to non-metallic character as you move from left to right. Metallic elements are good conductors, while non-metals are poor conductors.

Period 4 Elements\n\n

Includes potassium (K), calcium (Ca), scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), bromine (Br), and krypton (Kr).

Properties of Period 4 Elements\n\n

Similar to Period 3, but the transition metals start appearing, which have varying oxidation states and form colored compounds.

Period 5 Elements\n\n

Includes rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), indium (In), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), iodine (I), and xenon (Xe).

Properties of Period 5 Elements\n\n

Continues the trend of Period 4; transition metals increase in variety, and the lanthanides begin to appear.

Period 6 Elements\n\n

Includes cesium (Cs), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), polonium (Po), astatine (At), and radon (Rn).

Properties of Period 6 Elements\n\n

Significant for heavy metals and radioactivity, inclusion of actinides; chemical reactivity varies widely.

Period 7 Elements\n\n

Includes francium (Fr), radium (Ra), actinium (Ac), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), seaborgium (Sg), bohrium (Bh), hassium (Hs), meitnerium (Mt), darmstadtium (Ds), roentgenium (Rg), copernicium (Cn), nihonium (Nh), flerovium (Fl), moscovium (Mc), livermorium (Lv), oganesson (Og).

Properties of Period 7 Elements\n\n

Contains the heaviest known elements, with unpredictable chemical properties and many radioactive.