AP Gov Unit 3 Vocab pt.1

Civil Liberties

Fundamental rights and freedoms protected from infringement by the government

Civil Rights

Protections from discrimination as a member of a particular group

Bill of Rights

A list of fundamental rights and freedoms that individuals possess

Due Process Clause

No State can deny a person of "life, liberty, or property without due process of law."

Selective Incorporation

The Bill of Rights has been applied to the states over time on a case

Establishment Clause

Protection against the government requiring citizens to join or support a religion

Free Exercise Clause

Protection of the rights of individuals to exercise and express their religious beliefs

Freedom of Expression

A fundamental right affirmed in the First Amendment to speak, publish, and protest.

Clear and Present Danger Test

Legal standard that speech posing an immediate and serious threat to national security is not protected by the First Amendment

Prior Restraint

The suppression of material prior to publication on the grounds that it might endanger nationality security

Symbolic Speech

Protected expression in the form of images, signs and other symbols

Libel

An untrue written statement that injures a person's reputation

Slander

An untrue spoken expression that injures a person's reputation

Ex Post Facto Laws

Laws criminalizing conduct that was legal at the time it occured

Bill of Attainder

A law passed by Congress punishing an individual without a trial

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A document setting out reasons for an arrest or detention

Double Jeopardy

Protects an individual acquitted of a crime from being charged with the same crime again in the same jurisdiction

Miranda Rights

The right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. These rights must be given by police to individuals suspected of criminal activity