unit 4 psych

Motivation

A need or desire that serve to energize and direct behavior

Instinct theory

Un learned behavior with a pattern throughout a species, inborn patterns

Evolutionary theory

Procreation and passing along genes motivates

Driving reduction theory

Physiological needs create motivation

Homeostasis

Keeping a steady internal and emotional state/goal goal

Incentive theory

External items/elements motivate us

Optimal arousal theory

People are motivated to find the right level of stimulation for themselves

Yerks- Dodson law

We tend to perform best at a moderate level of arousal

Maslow’s hierarchy

Simple needs motivate first (pyramid)

Psychological needs

(Bottom of the pyramid) hunger/thirst/warmth

Safety needs

Shelter/security/feelings of safety

Belongingness and love needs

Avoid the loneliness/form relationship/acceptance

Esteem needs

Achievement/recognition/respect

Self-actualization needs

Self-fulfillment/being the best you can be

Lewin’ s motivational conflict theory

Psychological conflict caused by choices that can be aided/worsened by motivation

approach – approach conflict

Two desirable choices

Avoidance – avoidance conflict

Two undesirable choices

Approach – avoidance conflict

Single option with positive and negative elements to it

Insulin

Diminishes blood glucose by storing it within fatty cells

Grehlin

Hungry, stomach

orexin

Hungry, lateral hypothalamus

Leptin

Not hungry, fat cells

PYY

Not hungry, digestive tract

Hypothalamus

Controls hunger

Lateral hypothalamus

Triggers hunger, on sides of hypothalamus

Ventralmedial hypothalamus

Tells us when we aren’t hungry, our middle of hypothalamus

set point

A particular weight, the mind tries to keep one act by triggering or suppressing hunger

Metabolic rate

Energy used at rest (metabolism)

Anorexia nervosa

Limit food intake – underweight, feelings of not being thin enough

Bulimia nervosa

Binge and purge eating behavior, but then throw it up

Binge /Over eating disorder

Obsession/addiction to food, causes health and/or social problems

Background elements to anorexia

Competition, high achieving family

Background elements to bulimia

Alcoholism, depression, obesity

ostracism

Being socially excluded or set aside

Achievement motivation

Desire for accomplishment, control, mastery, and reaching a high standard

TAT test – thematic apperception test

Fantasies and thoughts reflect level of achievement

High achievement motivation

Desire for difficult but attainable tasks, persistent → achieve more

Low achievement motivation

Desire for easy OR very difficult tasks, driven to complete, but not necessarily succeed, gives up quickly

Grit

Passionate dedication to a goal, level of perseverance