General Exam Q Flashcards

How to calculate molar mass

mass/ number of moles

2 properties of a radial gravitational field

Field strength decreases as you get further away from the mass, follows inverse square law

Force experienced by an object is always attractive

What is the area under a gravitational force- height graph equal to?

The work done in moving an object to a given height

How to prove the inverse square law

A=k/b²

A x b² = k for every point

How to prove exponential relationship

A=e^-b

If A decreases by the same amount for equal intervals of b, then the relationship is proven

Pick two sets of equidistant points on the graph, if the division of their other coordinates other coordinates is equal, then relationship proven

A1/A2 = A3/A4

What are two advantages of using high-energy electrons rather than alpha particles for estimating nuclear radii?

1. Electrons have a much smaller wavelength and therefore resolution

2. Electrons can get closer to the nucleus as they aren’t repelled by electrostatic repulsion, unlike alpha particles which are due to their positive charge (alpha particles can only give an estimate for closest approach)

State two benefits of slowing down the neutrons released during fission

Uranium can react with slower neutrons more easily, causing fission

Slower neutrons increases the chances of fission occurring

Slower neutrons are less damaging

Slowing neutrons transfers heat energy to the moderator (which can make heat easier to extract)

Why are elements with smaller nucleon numbers preferred as moderator materials?

Smaller nucleon number causes greater change in the ke

Makes them better moderators, less time needed to reduce ke of nucleons as fewer collisions would need to occur

What law can lead to a value for the absolute zero of temperature?

Charles’ Law

How to calculate escape velocity

square root: 2GM/r

What is true about a geostationary orbit?

The satellite orbits in the plane of the Earth’s equator

The satellite has the same angular velocity as a point on the Earth’s surface

The satellite takes 24 hours to orbit the Earth

What direction to electric field lines point

In the direction a positive charge would move

From positive to negative

How to calculate the electric potential between two points

Q1Q2/4pi x Epsilon naught x r

What is true about the radius of the path of ions in a magnetic field?

The radius of the path is different for each isotope

State two assumptions for the kinetic theory model

The volume of the individual particles is negligible in comparison to the volume of the gas

The collisions between gas particles are perfectly elastic meaning no ke is lost during collisions

Explain why molecules of gas exert a force on the walls of the container

Gas particles collide with walls of containers

Causes change in momentum as direction of particle motion and acceleration changes

NII- F=mv/t tells us change in momentum causes force to be exerted on particle

NIII- for every force there is an equal and opposite reaction force

An equal magnitude of force will act in opposite direction onto wall, causing pressure

Isolated solid conducting sphere, electrons transferred to sphere.

State and explain the location of the excess electrons

Located on outer surface of sphere

Equally spaced from one another

Electrons- like charges- repel each other