Scientific Investigation

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the scientific investigation process.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to studying the natural world involving observation, experimentation, analysis, and conclusion.

Hypothesis

A testable prediction that can be proved wrong, typically formulated in an 'if…then' statement.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment in which an independent variable is manipulated while all other variables are kept constant to measure its effect on a dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured in an experiment, affected by the independent variable.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Constants

Factors in an experiment that are kept the same throughout to ensure that the test results are valid.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used for comparison.

Scientific Theory

A broad explanation of observed phenomena, widely accepted due to repeated testing and substantial evidence.

Scientific Law

A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes an aspect of the world.

Bio-Inspiration

The practice of using designs and processes from nature to solve human problems.

Inference

A conclusion drawn from observations that involves interpreting data to explain what is seen.

Modeling

Creating representations of complex systems to better understand them without direct experimentation.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to studying the natural world, typically involving observation, forming a hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, and drawing conclusions.

Hypothesis

A testable prediction that can be proved wrong, typically formulated in an 'if…then' statement, crucial for guiding experimentation.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment designed to test a hypothesis by manipulating an independent variable while keeping all other variables constant to accurately measure its effect on a dependent variable.

Independent Variable

The variable that is intentionally changed or controlled by the experimenter to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment, as it is expected to change in response to the manipulation of the independent variable.

Constants

Factors in an experiment that are kept exactly the same throughout all test groups to ensure that only the independent variable affects the dependent variable, thus ensuring validity.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation of the independent variable, serving as a baseline for comparison against experimental groups.

Inference

A conclusion drawn from observations and data interpretation, explaining phenomena seen during an experiment.