DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Flashcards covering key concepts related to DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.

Transcription

The process by which DNA is converted into RNA.

Translation

The process by which RNA is converted into proteins.

mRNA

Messenger RNA that delivers the message from DNA to the ribosome.

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA, which is a component of the ribosome itself.

tRNA

Transport RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Gene Expression

The process by which genes are turned on or off, leading to differentiation and specialization of cells.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that correspond to a specific amino acid.

Anticodon

A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with the codon on mRNA.

Ribosome

The cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs.

Nucleus

The organelle in a cell that contains DNA and where transcription occurs.