AP Computer Science Principles Unit 11: The Internet

The following have important vocabs for unit 11.

Bandwidth

Data transmission rate, measured by bitrate, that a connection can handle

Bitrate

The number of bits per second of data transfer. Often measured in Megabits per second (Mbps)

Cloud Computing

The ability to send a large computational task to other larger servers, typically through online services

Cookie

A short line of text that a website puts on a computer’s drive when you access the site

Domain Name

String of letters/numbers (separated by .) used to name addresses on the internet

Download

Transfer a file or program to a smaller computer

Fault-Tolerant

The ability for a system or network to function even if an individual device in the system fails

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Tags and rules, a language, used to develop hypertext documents ( to go online)

Hypertext

Machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected

Internet

A system of interconnected computer networks that communicate using an established protocols

Internet of Things

The connection of everyday objects to the internet, for the sake of collecting and sending data about the device’s usage

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

A number assigned to any computer connected to the internet, for the purpose of other computers finding it

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Company that provides subscribers with a connection to the internet (Verizon, etc)

Latency

The time it takes for a computer to receive a response after sending a request over the internet

Modem

A device used to connect computers by a telephone line

Net Neutrality

The idea that internet service providers cannot give priority to the connection of certain online services or servers

Packets

Small chunks of information that fit into a larger program or message being transferred

Phishing

Sending messages or emails that disguise the sender as a trustworthy source, to convince the user to send information, visit a website, or download malware

Protocol

Rules to determine the format and transmission of data, such as Transmission Control Protocol to determine how a computer should read transmitted packets

Redundancy

Repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission

Router

A device that forwards data packets between computer networks

Search Engine

A computer program that retrieves files from a database or computer network

Server

A computer that provides other computers with access to files as shared resources for a network

Transfer Control Protocol (TCP)

The rules for how data it divided into packets before it is sent over the internet, and how it is reorganized as incoming packets

Upload

Transfer a file or program to a central computer from a smaller or remote computer

Universal Resource Locator (URL)

The address of a web page on the world wide web, which uses plain text and includes a domain, and is translated into the IP address of a site’s server

World Wide Web

A system of publicly accessible web pages connected via the internet