Language-Based Learning Disabilities in the School-Age Population

language based learning disability

disorder that manifests itself in different ways at various points in development as communicative contexts and learning tasks chage

a language based learning disability is manifested in

reading or spelling difficulties or both

children who are diagosed as having a language-based learning disability may have very ____ deficits that may elude even the most astute clinican

subtle

language based learning disability are also known as ___ children

ABNQ: Almost but not quite

Kindergarten - 2nd grade

children to develop the basic skills needed for reading and writing

- associations between sounds and letters

kindergarten - 2nd grade begin to learn about

spelling and basic math operations

Grades 3&4

children experience a curricular leap from decoding to reading for comprehension

what content areas are introduced in 3rd and 4th

english, social studies, science

mathematics includes ____

word problems

grades 5&6

- the acquisition of knowledge in the content areas that were introduced in grades 3&4

in grades 5&6, children's decoding skills should be

fully automatic so that the child can focus on his or her attention on comprehension

grades 7-9 should be able to

read popular magazines, the newspaper, and popular fiction

the number of content arears expands to include more subjects

grades 7-9

develop cognitive skills including abstract reasoning, analysis, synthesis, and judgement

in grades 7-9, children develop alternate

hypotheses and create strategies to test these hypotheses

identification of children at risk are identified as

academic underachievers

academic underchievement can have

devastating effects

____ % of school drop-outs are functionally illiterate

85

functionally illiterate

reading and writing skills that are inadequate to manage daily living and employment tasks that require skills beyond a basic level

___ million Americans are unable to read well enough to complete a job application

27

___ % of suicide victims between the ages of 10 & 14 years are diagnosed as being hyperactive, perceptually impaired, or dyslexic

50

statistics suggest that learning disabilities are accompanied by

low self-esteem

how we do we identify Language-Based Learning Disabilities

screening

screenings are typically done in

kindergarten, 1st, 3rd, and last year of elementary school

what happens if a child fails the screening?

giving more complete test batteries to identify the presence or absence of a language delay or disorder

poverty in & on itself does not mean

poor reading and academic performance

those who living in poverty typically have

limited materials and resources that facilitate language and academic development

___% of parents with a high SES read to their children daily

62

___% of parents with a low SES read to their children daily

36

common consequences of poverty

▫ Dropping out of school

▫ Low academic achievement

▫ Teenage pregnancy & parenthood

▫ Poor mental & physical health

▫ Delinquent behavior

▫ Unemployment in adolescence & early adulthood

EEGS show brain differences between

poor and rich kids

children of high socieconomic status show more activity in the

prefrontal cortex

Electroencephalography

the recording of electrial activity along the scalp

situations of impoverishment often create individuals who become

isolationsists

Abused and mistreated children: indiviauls may become

parents who are likely to be abusive toward or neglectful of their children

Mixed (LLD)

- poor listening comprehension

- poor word recognition

Dyslexia

- good listening comprehension

- poor word recognition

hyperlexia

recognizing and reading words exceeding one's cognitive and language levels, yet having no comprehension of what is said or read

dyslexia (in simple terms)

because of decoding skills (slow and inaccurate)

hyperlexia (in simple terms)

language and cognitive deficits

LLDs (in simple terms)

poor in decoding and listening comprehension

Dyslexia is difficulties with

accurate and/or fluent word recognition

Dyslexia is often due to a

neurological deficit

Dyslexia typically results from a deficit in the

phonological component

Dyslexia can affected between __&__ percent of a given population

5 & 12

children with language-based learning disabilities frequently have trouble with

phonological aspects of speech and language

children with language-based learning disabilities have problems with

phonological awareness

- grapheme-phoneme association

these children also tend to have inferior performance in

segmentation tasks

- breaking down of sentences into words, words into syllables, and syllables into phonemes

individuals with language-based learning disabilities compensate for their phonological weakness by

relying heavily on visual memorization of orthographic patterns

individuals with language-based learning disabilities tend to be

passive in groups to ask few question

questions they do ask are

simple and require uncomplicated answers

individuals with language-based learning disabilities tend to have

topical discontinuity

individuals with language-based learning disabilities also face problems with

survival language

survival language

is knowing the lingo associated with peer language and knowing how to be a part of a peer group through appropriate actions and communication styles

many have

low self-esteem and do not feel as if they are part of a peer group