RAD 232 Vertabrea column anatomy

When the soft inner part protrudes to press on the spinal cord or nerves

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) Slipped disc

Vertically between the laminate of adjacent vertebra

Ligament Flava

Ossification develops in the longitudinal ligament (inflammation of ligament)

Ankylosing spondylitis (Bamboo Spine)

What makes up a vertebral arch

2 lamina

2 pedicles

2 transverse processes

1 spinous process

4 articular processes

Final curve to develop

Develops when child begins to stand alone (12 to 18 months)

Lumbar curve

Which vertebral structures unite at the origin of the spinous process of a typical vertebral

Both laminae

Superior articular process & the inferior articular process that arise from the junction of the pedicle and lamina to articulate w- the subjacent & superjacent vertebra

Articular process

Formed by the stacking of the vertebral foramina canal in which is the spinal cord is located

Spinal canal

Connects the tips of the spinous processes

Supraspinatus ligament

Connect adjacent spinous process

Interspinal ligament

What prevents a shifting of one vertebra on the adjacent segment

Ligaments along w- interposed disc

Articulation of the inferior articular process of vertebra above & superior articular process of vertebra below

Apophyseal or Zygoapophyseal JT

What do the ligament do in the vertebrae

Tie vertebrae together

Allow bending to limited degree

Laxity to permit motion

Most anterior aspect of the vertebrae

Body

How many vertebras in each region

C-7

T-12

L-5

S-1

C-1

Develops when child begins to hold head up (3-4 months)

Cervical curve

Which spinal condition involves abnormally increased anterior concavity (posterior convexity)of the T-spiné

Kyphosis

What forms the posterior part of vertebral foramen

Lamina

Which abnormal spinal condition involves any lateral curvature of vertebral column

Scoliosis

Opening between body & vertebral arch

Vertebral foramina

Which structures of a typical vertebra are zygapophyses

Articular processes

2 structures that project laterally & slighty posterior from the junction of the pedicle & lamina on each side of the vertebrae

Transverse process

Superior articular processes (facets) of C1 receives what from the occipital bone

Condyles

Provides resilient cushion between the vertebra acts as schock absorber afford movement for the vertebral column and is a cartilaginous disc

Intervertebral disc

Primary curve congenital curve in thoracic & pelvic regions

kyphosis (Hunchback abnormal phyotic curve)

Secondary curve compensatory curve acquired after birth (more pronounced in females)

Lordotic curve

Most posterior aspect of vertebra located in the posterior midline junction of lamina and can be easily palpated

Spinous process

What forms the anterior part of the vertebral foramen

Posterior part of body

Formed by the stacking of the inferior vertebral arch above over the superior vertebral notch below

Intervertebral foramina

Vertically along the anterior surface of the vertebrae

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Vertically along the posterior surface of the vertebrae

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Attaches the vertebral arch to the body and is short and thick (projects posterior on each side)

Pedicles

Anterior mass, cylindrical in shape and is a cancellous bony tissue covered by a layer of compact tissue

Vertebral body

Which curves are convex anteriorly

Cervical & lumbar

Which curves are posteriorly convex

Thoracic & Pelvic

Which curves are posteriorly concave

Cervical & lumbar

Which curves are concave anteriorly

Thoracic & Pelvic

Flat process between pedicle & spinous process. It´s broad, flat & directly prosteriorly & medially from each pedicle

Lamina