M3L3

REDISPERSABILITY TEST

It refers to the AMOUNT OF FORCE  to redisperse or resuspend the particles

REDISPERSABILITY TEST

The requirement is that NO SEDIMENT  should remain at the base after shaking

PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENT

• The ideal size for suspensions is >1 um

  • 2um (preferred size)

PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENT

• It is determined by: 

  •  Microscopy 

  •  Coulter counter

RHEOLOGY PROPERTY

• A test for flowability and viscosity

TEMPERATURE AND GRAVITATIONAL STRESS

It is done by centrifugation

ZETA POTENTIAL

• refers to the repulsive forces among the particles

high

A ____ zeta potential is more desirable because suspensions tend to have a slower rate of settling

QC TESTS FOR EMULSIONS

Test for Phase Inversion, Creaming, Cracking and Phase Separation

DYE SOLUBILITY TEST

• Uses dyes which are soluble in the external phase

  • Amaranth green- water soluble

  • Sudan red- oil soluble

Amaranth Green

Dye Solubility Test - Water soluble

Sudan red

Dye Solubility Test - Oil Soluble

Fluorescence

UV Fluorescence - w/o

Non Fluorescence

UV Fluorescence - o/w

Lighted bulb

Conductivity - o/w

Unlighted bulb

Conductivity - w/o

COBALT CHLORIDE TEST

Uses lover’s ink

• Blue- anhydrous (w/o)

• Pink- hydrous (o/w)

Blue

Anhydrous (w/o)

Pink

Hydrous (o/w)

Downward creaming

Direction of creaming (w/o)

Upward creaming

Direction of creaming (w/o)

“sieving”

The most rapid method of determining particle size is by

Sieve # 20

Type of Granule - Coarse

Sieve # 40

Type of Granule - Good

Sieve # 60, 80 etc

Type of Granule - Fine

ANGLE OF REPOSE

It refers to the INDEX OF FLOW, it measures the frictional forces in granules

ANGLE OF REPOSE

• Methods:

  • Static Method 

  • Kinetic Method

ANGLE OF REPOSE

• Computation:

  •  θ = [h/r]

MOISTURE CONTENT

• Uses the Ohaus Moisture Balance Normal moisture content is 0.55 to 2.0 %

Low MC

 indicates that the samples are prone to capping, chipping and lamination

High MC

indicates that the samples are prone to picking and sticking

MICROBIAL ASSAYS

• are biological assays performed with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi

MICROBIAL ASSAYS

In a typical microbial assay, each evaluation is performed with a culture of microorganisms and the measurements represent the average response of an extremely large population of the test organism

MICROBIAL ASSAYS

• are commonly done with

  • Antibiotics

  • Vitamins

MICROBIAL ASSAY OF ANTIBIOTIC (MBA)

A quantitative test designed to determine the CONCENTRATION OR POTENCY of the antibiotic that will inhibit the growth of susceptible microorganisms

MICROBIAL ASSAY OF ANTIBIOTIC (MBA)

This test is conducted under controlled conditions

Agar Well method, Kirby-Bauer method (paper disk diffusion), Cylinder plate/cup method

Plate Method/Assay what methods?

TUBE METHOD/ASSAY (TURBIDIMETRIC)

Light passing through a suspension is scattered

TUBE METHOD/ASSAY (TURBIDIMETRIC)

The amount of light scatered is measures, thus indicating presence of microorganisms in the sample

Cylinder Plate Method of MBA, Kirby Bauer Method (Paper Disk Diffusion), Agar Cup/Well Method

Methods of MBA

MICROBIAL ASSAY FOR VITAMINS

A fundamental requirement in microbial assay for the activities of vitamins is the inability of the test organism to synthesize the vitamins/factors being assayed

Lactobacillus plantarum

Test organism for Vitamin B3

Lactobacillus leichmanii

Test organism for Vitamin B12

Turbidimetric Method, Acid Titration

Methods for Microbial Assay for Vitamins

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay)

A biochemical technique of assay (Immunology), as it is designed to detect and quantify peptides, proteins, antibodies and hormones

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay)

Plate-base - development of color is observed

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay)

This has replaced RIA (Radio-Immuno Assay)

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay)

Detection of aflatoxin in stale peanuts and other nuts, and other food allergens

Plate-based

Development of color is observed

Horseadish peroxidase, Alkaline phosphatase, Urease, B-galactosidase

Enzyme Used in Elisa Test Kit

Hydrogen peroxide, Teteramethylbenzidine (TMB)

Substrates used in Elisa Test kit

3M NaOH for AP, 2.3M HCl or H2SO4 for HRP

Stop Solutions Used in Elisa Test Kit

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), Non-fat dry milk, Casein, Porcine or Bovine Gelatin

Protein Blocking Agents used in Elisa test kit

Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 10 mM Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20

Wash Solutions Used in ELISA Test kit

Plate Method

Measures the zone of inhibition

Cylinder plate

MBA method used in Bleomycin

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Test Organism in Bleomycin

Turbidimetric

MBA Method for Chloramphenicol

E. Coli

Test Organism used in Chloramphenicol

Turbidimetric

MBA Method used in Doxycycline

S. Aureus

Test Organism used in Doxycycline

Cylinder Plate

MBA Method for Erythromycin

Micrococcus Luteus

Test Organism used in Erythromycin

Cylinder Plate

MBA Method used in Gentamycin

Staph. Epidermidis

Test Organism used in Gentamycin

Cylinder Plate

MBA Method used in Penicillin G

S. Aureus

Test Organism used in Penicillin G.

Turbidimetric

MBA Method used in Tetracyline

S. Aureus

Test Organism used in Tetracycline

Kirby Bauer Method

Uses paper disk

1st Diagnostic Test for HIV

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Pregnancy Testing & Diabetes Screening & Detection of Cancer

Inactive

what is the test drug for < 10 mm

Partially active

what is the test drug for 10-13 mm

Active

what is the test drug for 14-19 mm

Very active

what is the test drug for > 19 mm

Resistant

Reaction of Organism for 10-13 mm (Partially Active)

Intermediate

Reaction of Organism for 14-19 mm (Active)

Susceptible

Reaction of Organism for > 19 mm (Very Active)