clinical pharm #3

scabicide

drug that kills mites

pediculicide

drug that kills lice

what causes acne

blocked oil glands

action of benzoyl peroxide for acne

inhibits sebaceous glands

action of tetracycline, clindamycin for acne

reduce bacterial colonization

action of retinoids for acne

prevent follicles from being plugged

reduce inflammation of lesions

-sone

topical steroid

-caine

topical anesthetic

-aine

antihistamine

-azole

antifungal

where is the pinna lifted in adults

up and back

where is the pinna lifted in children

down and back

medication used for swimmers ear

antibiotics and glucocorticoids

medication used for inner and middle ear infections

systemic antibiotics

cerumenolytics

soften ear wax

scopolamine

used for motion sickness

anticholinergic (blocks impulses)

Statin therapy

• reduce 20-40% of LDL

• take at night

• rhabdomyolysis: breakdown of muscle fibers (CPK levels)

Bile acid resins

• reduce 10-20% of LDL

• GI bloating, constipation

Nicotinic acid

• decrease VLDL + LDL 20%

• flushing, hot flashes

• take aspirin 30 mins prior

fibric acid agents

ONLY used when excessive triglycerides and VLDL

which histamine is responsible for allergic rhinitis

histamine 1

diuretics

increase urine output and decrease fluid volume

ide

calcium channel blockers

• vasodilate, lower peripheral resistance

• dipine

ACE inhibitors

block angiotensin II, decrease fluid volume

pril

ARBS angiotensin receptor blockers

vasodilation

sartan

alpha 1 blockers

inhibits sympathetic response

also for BPH

zosin

alpha 2 blockers

decrease sympathetic impulses

not first choice

beta adrenergic blockers

decrease heart rate, reduce cardiac output

olol

bronchodilation

__ follows water IN the body

sodium

follows water OUT the body

potassium

positive inotropic agents

increase heart contractibility

negative inotropic agents

decrease heart contractibility

left heart failure symptoms

cough and shortness of breath

backup of blood into lungs

right heart failure

peripheral edema, engorgement of organs

blood backs into veins

cardiac glycosides

causes heart to beat more forcefully and slowly

digoxin

symptoms of dysrhythmias

dizziness, weakness, activity intolerance, palpitations

sodium channel blockers

slows impulses across heart

potassium channel blockers

lengthen refractory periods by delaying repolarization

arrythmias

second line

calcium channel blocker

slows heart rate and prolongs refractory period

dipine

angina pectoris

heart pain

crushing radiates from left shoulder down left arm and to back

organic nitrites

drug for angina

duration of 5 minutes, take another if not worker, after 3 call 911

used for warfarin reversal

vitamin K

used for heparin reversal

protamine sulfate

intranasal glucocorticoids

2-3 weeks prior to allergen exposure

mild vasoconstriction

intranasal and oral sympathomimetics

decongestants

only use 3-5 days

expectorants

promote mucous secretion

mucolytics

break down mucous molecules

methylxanthines

• caffeine

• narrow margin of therapy

• long term prophylaxis
  

glucocorticoids inhaled vs. pill

inhaled use daily

pill limit to under 10 days

crystalloid

IV solution that contains electrolytes

colloids

plasma volume expanders

draw water away from cells and tissues

hypotonic solutions

water move out of plasma and into cells and tissues

combining insulin

• clear insulin first

• do not shake, roll

sulfonylureas

• release insulin from pancreatic cells

• hypoglycemia by taking too much or not eating enough food

HRT (hormone replacement therapy)

used before and after menopause to treat symptoms

increased risk of stroke and cancer