Psychopathology Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering the characteristics, theories, and treatments for depression, OCD, and phobias as detailed in the lecture notes.

Absolutist thinking

A cognitive characteristic of depression involving all-or-nothing thinking patterns.

Becks CBT

A cognitive therapy used to identify and challenge automatic thoughts about the world, self, and future, which may involve setting homework.

REBT

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy.

Rosenham & Sellingham

Researchers who defined 'failure to function adequately' based on criteria such as failing to conform to standard interpersonal rules, experiencing severe personal distress, and acting irrationally or dangerously.

Jahoda

A researcher who defined 'deviation from ideal mental health' as including criteria such as self-actualization, coping with stress, having good self-esteem, independence, and the ability to work, love, and enjoy leisure.

Antisocial personality disorder

A condition described in the $DSM-5-TR$ where individuals do not conform to moral standards.

Statistical Infrequency

A definition of abnormality based on how often a mental health condition is encountered, though some infrequency like high IQ can be favourable.

Cohen et.al

A study that tracked the development of $473$ teens and found that measuring cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression. Strength of cognitive depression

Ellis's ABC model

A cognitive model for depression consisting of an Activating Event, Belief, Consequence, Dispute, and an Effective new belief.

Logical argument

A component of cognitive therapy that involves disputing whether a negative thought logically follows from established facts.

Negative Triad

An irrational view of the self, the future, and the world.

Cognitive Biases

Exaggerated or irrational thought patterns, such as overexaggerating when someone does not text back, that typically develop during adulthood.

Obsession

The element of the OCD cycle characterized by persistent thoughts and anxiety.

Compulsion

Repetitive behavioral characteristics of OCD, such as excessive handwashing or hoarding, intended to reduce anxiety.

Max et. ar

Researchers whose work suggested increased OCD rates following damage to the basal ganglia.

SSRIs

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors that block the reabsorption of serotonin, keeping the neurotransmitter in the synapse.

$$5HT-D \text{ Beta}$$

One of the candidate genes identified in studies suggesting that OCD is polygenic.

Tryciclics

A type of drug used to treat nerve pain and sometimes utilized for OCD.

Soomro Et. Al

A review of $17$ studies showing that patients had better outcomes with SSRIs compared to placebo conditions.

Agora phobia

A specific phobia characterized by marked fear or anxiety regarding open or enclosed spaces lasting for $6+$ months.

Two process model

A behavioral approach to phobias suggesting they are triggered by classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning.

Little Albert

A case study demonstrating how a phobia is developed when a neutral stimulus is paired with a phobic stimulus.

Flooding

A behavioral treatment for phobias involving immediate exposure to the phobic stimulus without the option of avoidance, leading to extinction.

Systematic desensitization

A treatment that gradually reduces phobic anxiety through an anxiety hierarchy, relaxation, and exposure.

Reciprocal inhibition

The principle utilized in systematic desensitization stating that it is impossible to be relaxed and scared at the same time.

Böhnlein et. al

Researchers who found that systematic desensitization is less effective for individuals with low self-efficacy or high trait anxiety.