Adolescent Development: Psychology, Hormones, Sleep, and Risk Behaviors

positive

Do the majority of adolescents portray a positive or negative self image?

menarch

1st menstrual period for a woman

yes

Do girls' voice deepen in puberty?

girls

who hits their growth spurt first? boys or girls

testosterone

male hormone that increases through puberty

estrogen

female hormone that increases through puberty

about 9

what age does puberty begin in girls

sexual abuse

what is one type of abuse linked to earlier puberty in girls

advantages of early maturing boys

get girls, do well in sports

advantages of later maturing boys

better introspection, stronger sense of identity

advantages of early maturing girls

male attention (not actually good in long run)

advantages of later maturing girls

tend to be tall and thin

corpus colossum

brain fibers that connect both hemispheres; the more developed they are, the less rash decisions you make

prefrontal cortex

does not fully mature until ages 18-25

18-25

ages of emerging adulthood

amygdala

area of the brain that experiences/understands rewards, punishments, and emotions

57

what percent of 12th graders have reported having vaginal sex

77

what percent of people have had sex by the time they are 20

African Americans

this ethnic group is more likely to have sex at a young age

Asian americans

this ethnic group is least likely to have sex at a young age

United States

what country has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies

abstinence only programs

do not delay beginning of sexual activity, not very successful form of sex ed

weight continues to increase

what happens to an obese child's weight as they grow up?

less

do you become more or less active through adolescents

white males

what group of people exercise the most

7.7 hours

ideal amount of sleep for an adolescent

9.25 hours

how long a young adolescent will sleep if left uninterrupted

melatonin

chemical in brain that is released around 9:30 pm in early adolescents and 10:30 pm in late adolescents

electronics and caffeine

two main reasons adolescents are not getting enough sleep

unintentional injuries

number one cause of death in adolescents

suicide

second leading cause of death in adolescents

homicide

third leading cause of death in adolescents

50

percentage of adolescent wrecks that occur when the adolescent is under the influence of drugs or alcohol

marijuana

only illegal drug that is increasing in adolescents

anorexia nervosa

due to the pursuit of thinness; decreased energy intake or extreme increase in exercise; 10x more likely in females

Bolemia Nervosa

self-induced vomiting after eating, involves binge and purge periods for eating

adolescent egocentrism

heightened self awareness

imaginary audience

belief that others are as interested in you as you are

personal fable

sense of uniqueness and invincibility

top-dog phenomenon

move from top of class to bottom (like going from 8th-9th grade or senior-freshman)

identity vs. identity confusion

erikson's 5th stage of psychosocial development; if you do not figure out who you are, what you want to do, and where you are going, you will remain confused

moratorium

stage in between adolescence and adulthood

crisis

supposed to have one of these in order to figure out what you want to do in life

commitment

occurs after crisis; you set your mind to doing something

identity difusion

no crisis, no commitment

identity foreclosure

you do not have your own crisis, but you have commitment (maybe your parents decided what you will do with your life)

identity achievement

crisis and commitment are both present

moratorium achievement

you change your mind in what you want to do with your life

boys

who are more likely to be peer pressured into having sex- boys or girls

clique

small group of similar people

crowd

broader category of similar people in a larger group

group dating

going in groups with crush to hang out

right of passage

marks a transition from one stage of life to the next

graduation

closest thing America has to a ritualistic right of passage

media multitasking

doing something while using any form of media; can lead to inability to focus

juvenile delinquent

young person who does illegal things

socialized delinquent

someone who knows what they are doing is against the law, and they do not conform to a lifestyle of breaking the law

females

who is more likely to attempt suicide- males or females

males

who is more likely to succeed at a suicide attempt- males or females

emerging adulthood

a period from about age 18 to 25, when you are no longer an adolescent but have not yet achieved full independence as an adult

holding full-time job

significant event that officially classifies Americans as true adults

19-26

ages of best physical performance

aerobic exercise

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety

30 minutes

recommended amount of aerobic exercise per day

binge drinking

drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting

extreme binge drinking

drinking 10-15 alcoholic drinks in one sitting

Gonorrhea

aka "the clap"- clap penis between hands and different discharge will come out; painful urination; bacterial infection

syphilis

sore on external genitals; if left untreated it can cause paralysis or death as the bacteria spreads towards the brain, can lead to rashes on bottom of feet

Clamydia

most common bacterial STI, can caus infertility in females, there are no signs of it

genital herpes

sores, virus, can take anti-virals to control, genetic, present all throughout body, no cure

AIDS

destroys immune system, passed through blood and semen, mainly effects 25-36 year olds

genital warts

most common STI in general, have to burn or freeze off warts, HPV vaccine is the best preventative

dual earner couples

you and your partner are employed

securely attached

what type of attachment do securely attached babies grow into

secure attached adults

find it easy to be in relationship

avoidant attached adult

avoids relationship; if in relationship, avoids significant other

anxious attached adults

demands closeness, extreme jealousy, possessive

intimacy vs. isolation

6th stage of erikson's psychosocial development, key to healthy, successful, romantic relationships

romantic/passionate love

strong emotions and associated with honeymoon phase

yes

is online dating successful?

affectionate/companionate love

love that occurs when an individual has a deep, caring affection for another person and desires to have that person near

consumate love

intimacy + passion + commitment

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love

Love consists of passion, intimacy, and commitment.

infatuation

only passion in love

fatuous

no intimacy in love, just passion and commitment

cohabitating adults

less likely to have successful marriages, live with significant other before marraige, and less likely to get married in general

yes

Is good education a factor in healthy marriage

asian american women

what ethnicity and gender have best stats for a good marriage

7 year itch

refers to marriage, usually if you can make it past this mark your marriage will last for at least 20 years

russia

country with highest divorce rate