History CH19

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 - barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States for ten years; later extended

William Speer

missionary to China; started a Presbyterian mission for the Chinese in San Francisco

Omnibus or Horse railway

horse-drawn coach designed to carry about a dozen passengers

Brooklyn Bridge

largest suspension bridge in the world when it was completed

John A. Roebling - Chief engineer

Washington A. Roebling - son

Emily Warren Roebling - wife of son

Engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge and the family that helped to complete the project

Settlement houses

residents could receive help in time of need and training in ways to better care for their families

Jane Addams

founded one of the earliest and best-known settlement houses; Hull House

Elizabeth Blackwell

first women to receive a medical degree in America

Christopher Latham Sholes

invented the typewriter

A&P (Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Cmpany)

forerunners of chain stores

John Wanamaker

Wanamaker’s store - a department store

Marshall Field

early department store in Chicago; “Give the lady what she wants!”'; integrity and customer satisfaction

Baseball

becoming national pastime; Cincinnati Red Stockings - 1869

Basketball

James Naismith in Springfield Massachusetts

Boxing

James “Gentleman Jim” Corbett

P. T. Barnum

organized a traveling tent circus

Bucycling

1890s - air-filled rubber tires; important means of transportation

Montgomery Ward

opened the first mail-order business in 1872

Sears & Roebuck

competing catalog started by Richard Sears

general stores

served basic needs; post office; share latest news

local church

most important institution of rural communities; births, baptisms, marriages, and deaths; public meetings

Francis Bellamy

1892 - Pledge of Allegiance

Ph. D.

Doctor of Philosophy

Morrill Act

1862 - granted every state thirty thousand acres for each member she had in Congress; land was to be used to endow new or existing colleges

land-grant colleges

offered a full range of courses, but specialized in agricultural, mechanical, and engineering programs

Chautauqua movement

John H. Vincent and Lewis Miller; organized a two-week training session for Sunday school teachers on the shores of Lake Chautauqua

National Prohibition Party

1869 - one of the voices that kept the liquor question constantly before the public

Frances Willard

most dynamic leader of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

web press

printed on both sides of paper at the same time

linotype machine

cast rows of type directly from molten metal

Joseph Pulitzer

first publisher to reach a large audience; New York World

William Randolph Hearst

New York Journal

Realism

local color

Samuel Longhorne Clemens (Mark Twain)

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ

Lewis Wallace

Jack London

most successful naturalist

Jefferson Davis

wrote a defense of the south called The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government

James McNeill Whistler

popularized tonalism; Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1 (Whistler’s Mother)

Louis Sullivan

Father of the Modern Skyscraper

City Beautiful movement

Buildings finished in plaster and fiber, shone like white marble; under the influence of the arcitect Frederick Law Olmsted

John Philip Sousa

composed marches associated with patriotic celeprations

Fanny Crosby

published about nine hundred hymns

Ulysses S. Grant

reunite the nation/heal wounds of war

Jay Gould and James Fisk

buy up the most gold in the country and make huge profits by forcing up the price of gold

Carl Schurz

Secretary of the Interior; strong advocate of civil service reform

Lemonade Lucy Hayes

served lemonade; successful and popular hostess

Stalwarts

opposed legislation to alter the civil service

Half-Breeds

congenial to alter the civil service

James A. Garfield

determined to lessen the power that Senator Roscoe Conkling wielded over the government

Pendleton Act

1883 - the basis for the modern civil service program; prohibited the removal of government employees from classified positions for political reasons and gave the president broad power to expand the list of classified jobs as he saw fit

Civil Service Commission

established by the Pendleton Act to administer examinations to applicants in the different states and to fill the positions on the basis of proven qualifications

Merit system

awarding government jobs began in the customs service and the postal system

“Mugwumps”

group of independent-minded Republicans; refused to accept the party nominee: James G. Blaine

Grover Cleveland

reputation for integrity; stand against corrupt politicians; first Democrat to win the presidency after the Civil War

Presidential Succession Act

if both the president and vice president should die in office or reign, members of the Cabinet should succeed to the presidency in the order in which Congress had created their offices

Electoral Count Act

1887 - if a state sent in more than one set of electoral votes and the two houses of Congress could not agree on which set to approve, Congress would accept the returns approved by the executive officer of the state in question

Benjamin Harrison

supported President Cleveland’s recent proposal for a tariff reduction

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

required Congress to purchase more siler than they were currently purchasing under the Bland-Allison Act of 1878 and increase the amount of silver in circulation

William McKinley

favored maintaining the gold standard (using only gold as a standard of value and as a backing for paper money)

William Jennings Bryan

reputation as a dynamic speaker; “Cross of Gold” speech in which he demonstrated his appreciation for working people and his understanding of the importance of agriculture

Gold Standard Act

1900 - gold becomes the sole standard of monetary value