Micro 22

Dental carries (cavity) are caused by

mupltiple bacteria

what most often causes dental caries

strep. mutans

how does strep. mutans stick to your teeth

uses sugar to produce a slime layer

how is dental carry caused

lactic acid fermentation degreades tooth enamel

what can make enamel resistant to acid

fluoride

2 types of peridontal disease

gum disease and gingivitis

periodontal disease is a _____ disease

bacterial

what causes inflammation in peridontal disease

enzymes that degrade gum tissue

what characterizes gingivitis

inflammation and bleeding of gums

how is peridontal disease treated

antibiotics and surgery

Gastritis is a _____ disease

bacterial

Gastritis

inflammation of stomach

what causes gastritis

Helicobacter pylori

how does gastritis happen

Helicobacter pylori produces ammonia that neutralizes stomach acid and then eats the protective mucous lining

how is gastritis treated

antibiotics and drugs to inhibit acid production

Oral herpes simplex is a ______ disease

viral

what cuases oral herpes

HSV-1

HSV-1 causes _____ infection

latent

what is the infection rate of oral herpes

90%

do most oral herpes cases have symptoms

no

1/3 patients with oral herpes have

reocurrent cold sore

herpetic whitlow

herpes infection of the finger

Mumps is a ____ diseae

viral

what causes mumps

mumps virus

how is mumps transmitted

infectious droplets

symptoms of mumps

fever

loss of appetite

headache

swelling of salivary glands

mumps in children is ___

mild

what can happen to adult males with mumps

swelling of testicles and sterility

what can mumps cause in adult women

swelling of overaies and pelvic pain

miscarriage if pregent

in rare cases of mumps what can heppen

cause viral meningitis and onset of deafness and death

what is treatment of mumps

none

how can mumps be prevented

live attenuated vaccine as part of MMRV

common infections of lower digestive systme

gastroenteritis

dysentery

intoxication

ingestion of bacteria

Gastroenteritis is a ____ disease

bacterial

gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach and small intestine

symptoms of gastroenteritis

abdominal cramps

nausea

vomiting / diarrhea

Dysentery is a _____ disease

bacterial

dysentery

severe diarrhea with blood and mucous

Intoxication occurs due to

ingestion of toxins in food

does intoxication offten come with fever

no

foodborne ilness is caused by

ingestion of bacteria

ingestion of bacteria often characterized by

fever

chloera is a ____ disease

bacterial

cholera is caused by

vibrio cholera

where does vibrio chloera live

salty water

cholera toxin is a

enterotoxin

how much water loss can cholera toxin cause

20 L per day

what can cholera toxin cause

shock, collapse, death

how is cholera treated

rehydration (nearly 100% survival)

how can cholera be prevented

sanitary practices and chlorinated drinking water

Shigellosis is a ___ disease

bacterial

shigellosis is caused by

members of shigella genus

shigella genus is closly related to

E. Coli

how is shgellosis transmited

food and water contaminated with human fecal mater

where does shigellosis multiply

inside macrophages and invade intestinal epithelial cells

what can inflamation and cell death due to shigellosis cause

dysentery

what can some strains of shigellosis produce

shiga toxin

shiga toxin is a

cytotoxin that kills cells in cappillaries and kidneys

what does shiga toxin cause

hemolytic uremic syndrome

how is shigellosis treated

antibiotics and rehydration therapy

how can shigellosis be prevented

proper sanitation

E. coli gastroenteritis is a ______ disease

bacterial

where is E. coli found in mamels

intestinal tract

most strains of E. coli start as

members of normal microbiota

eterotoxigenic E.coli produces

enterotoxin similar to cholera

what does enterotxigenic E.coli cause

watery diarrhea

how is ETEC treated

rehydration

Enterohemorrahgic E.coli produces

shiga toxin

EHEC affects

kidney function and cause hemolytic uremic syndrome

inflammation of the colon

symptoms of EHEC

perfuse bleeding and bloody dirrahea

how is EHEC treated

Antibiotics and rehydration

Salmonellosis is a ____ disease

bacterial

salmonellosis is caused by

non-typhoidal salmonella

how is salmonellosis transmited

food contaminated with animal feces

how does salmonellosis enter epithelial cells in intestine

using invasins

what causes infalmation in salmonellosis

endotoxin

symptoms of salmonellosis

fever, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea

how is salmonellosis treated

rehydration

typhoid fever is a ____ disease

bacterial

typhoid fever is caused by

salmonella typhi

how is typhoid fever transmited

human fecal matter

typhoid fever is ___(more/less) virulent than non-typhoidal

more

what does typhoid fever cause

systemic infection

endotoxin can cause shock, organ fail, death

how is typhoid fever treated

bacteriostatic antibiotics

Clostridium difficile infection is a ___ disease

bacterial

is resitance an issue with Clostridium difficile

yes

when does Clostridium difficile infection happen

in large intestine when normal microbiom disturbed

Clostridium difficile is often ___

nosocomial

what can Clostridium difficile infection lead to

pseudomembranous colitis (inflam of colon)

how is Clostridium difficile infection treated

antibiotics

probiotics

fecal transplant

fecal transplant

use normal microbiota from healthy to colonize intestine

how successful is fecal transplant

almost 100%

viral gastoenteritis is a ___ dsease

viral

viral gastroenteritis caused by

enterovirus group (rotavirus, norwalk virus)

symptoms of viral gastroenteritis

low fever, diarrhea, vomiting (stomach flu)

how is viral gastroenteritis treated

self limiting

rehydration

how is viral gastroenteritis transmited

fecal oral

how is viral gastroenteritis prevented

hand washing / some have vaccine

hepatitis is a ____ disease

viral

hepatitis

inflammation of liver