Basics of Agriculture and Crop Science
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24 Terms
Agriculture
The science and art of cultivating useful plants and raising livestock to meet human needs.
World Population (2019)
7.7 billion people.
Total Land Area
150 million km².
Arable Land
10% of the total land area.
Permanent Crops
1% of the total land area.
Meadows and Pastures
24% of the total land area.
Forest and Woodland
31% of the total land area.
No Vegetation
34% of the total land area, including urban areas, Antarctica, deserts, and mines.
Philippine Population (2019)
108.61 million people.
Agricultural Land in the Philippines
About 32% of the total land area.
Agriculture's Contribution to GDP (2008)
18% of the gross domestic product.
Food Supply Increase
About 2% per year, keeping pace with population growth.
Sources of Food Supply Increase
20% from new production areas; 80% from technological advances.
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA)
Mandated modernization of the agriculture sector in the Philippines, signed into law in 1997.
Crop Science
Concerned with the observation and classification of economically cultivated crops and their growth principles.
Agronomy
The principles and practices of managing field crops and soils.
Horticulture
The study of gardens and plants within an enclosure, including olericulture, pomology, floriculture, nursery management, and landscape gardening.
Crop Production
A science based on chemistry, mathematics, physics, and genetics; an art requiring skills; and a business aimed at profit.
Agricultural Research in the Philippines
Conducted in schools, research centers, and various organizations.
State Colleges and Universities
Offer degree programs in agriculture and related fields.
National Commodity Research Centers
Include organizations like PhilRice, NTA, FIDA, PCA, SRA, PRCRTC, and NARC.
Specialized Research Centers
Include IPB, NCPC, NPGRL, BIOTECH, and PHTRC.
Private Seed Companies
Examples include Syngenta, East West, Pioneer, Monsanto, and Allied Botanicals.
Major International Research Organizations
Include IRRI, ICRISAT, CIMMYT, IITA, CIP, CIAT, ICARDA, ICRAF, AVRDC, and Biodiversity International.