Physics Unit 1

Which of the following is/are directly related to photon energy?

1. kilovoltage

2. milliamperes

3. wavelength

1 only

X-ray photon energy is inversely related to:

1. photon wavelength

2. applied mA

3. applied kV

1 only

An increase in the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube increases the:

1. x-ray wavelength

2. exposure rate

3. patient absorption

2 only

Which of the following affect both the quantity and quality of the primary beam?

1. HVL

2. kV

3. mA

1 and 2 only

A high speed electron is decelerated as it is attracted to a tungsten atom nucleus. This results in:

1. bremsstrahlung radiation

2. characteristic radiation

3. compton scatter

4. a photoelectric effect

bremsstrahlung radiation

Which of the following occurs during bremsstrahlung radiation production?

1. an electron makes a tansition from an outer to an inner electron shell

2. an electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy

3. a high-energy photon ejects an outer-shell electron

4. a low-energy photon ejects an inner-shell electron

an electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy

Which of the following does the figure represent?

1. compton scatter

2. brems radiation

3. photoelectric effect

4. characteristic radiation

brems radiation

Which interaction is responsible for producing the most x-ray photons at the x-ray tube target?

1. bremsstrahlung

2. characteristic

3. photoelectris

4. compton

bremsstrahlung

The effective energy of an x-ray is increased by increasing the:

1. added filtration

2. kilovoltage

3. milliamperage

1 and 2

An interaction that produces x-rays at the anode as a result of outer shell electrons filling holes in the K shell is called:

1. characteristic

2. photoelectric

3. compton

4. bremsstrahlung

characteristic

Ionization is the removal of an:

1. proton from the outer shell of an atom

2. electron from the nucleus

3. neutron from the nucleus

4. electron

electron

The charge on the atomic nucleus is:

1. neutral

2. positive

3. negative

4. a positron

positive

What is contained in the orbital shells of an atom?

1. protons

2. electrons

3. neutrons

4. negatrons

electrons

Electrons are held in orbit around the nucleus by a force called:

1. grvaity

2. electron binding energy

3. centrifugal force

4. slingshot effect

electron binding energy

Which of the following is not a property of x-rays?

1. electrically negative

2. invisible to the human eye

3. travel at the speed of light

4. travel as bundles of energy

electrically negative

The composition of the x-ray beam as it leaves the anode is:

1. heterogeneous

2. homogeneous

3. monoenergetic

4. monochromatic

heterogeneous

X-rays produced by a cascade effect of outer shell electrons filling inner shell vacancies are a result of what interaction?

1. characteristic

2. bremsstrahlung

3. photoelectric

4. compton

characteristic

Brems or characteristic: The incident electron hits an orbiting electron

Characteristics

Brems or characteristic: the incident electron hits the nucleus

Brems

Brems or characteristic: The incident electron slows down, gives off energy in the form of radiation, and changes direction

Brems

Brems or characteristic: Is responsible for discreet radiation on the x-ray emission spectrum

characteristics

Brems or characteristic: is responsible for continuous radiation on the x-ray emission spectrum

brems

Brems or characteristic: results in radiation with the same energy (kVp) every time

characteristic

Brems or characteristic: results in heterogeneous radiation

brems

Brems or characteristic: involves the K-shell electrons

characteristic

Brems or characteristic: is responsibe for a cascade

characteristic

Brems or characteristic: comprises 70% to 90% of all the x-rays produced in the x-ray tube

brems

Brems or characteristic: can have change in quantity, but not quality

characteristic

What spectrum do x-rays belong to?

electromagnetic

This will affect/control the efficiency of x-ray production in the tube:

kVp

Tube current is measured in:

mA

This is the number of waves passing a point per unit time:

frequency

Which x-ray component serves as a source of electrons for x-ray production?

filaments

This is the relationship between frequency and wavelength:

inverse

This is the relationship between mA and the production of heat in the x-ray tube:

directly

This is another term for x-ray quantity:

intensity

The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the higher its:

binding energy

The x-ray emission spectrum consists of:

1. x-rays and electrons, both part of the electromagnetic spectrum

2. discrete spectrum (produced by bremsstrahlung rays) and continuous spectrum (produced by characteristic rays)

3. only x-rays that have been filtered using aluminum

4. discrete spectrum (produced by characteristic rays) and continuous spectrum (produced by bremsstrahlung)

discrete spectrum (produced by characteristic rays) and continuous spectrum (produced by bremsstrahlung)

The efficiency of x-ray production increases as _____ increases.

1. mA

2. kVp

3. time

4. distance

kVp

The quantity of bremsstrahlung radiation increases proportionately with increased:

1. kVp

2. mA

3. filtration

4. rotor speed

mA

What is the primary reason an x-ray beam signal loses strength as it travels away from the x-ray tube?

1. attenuation of the beam in air

2. loss of x-ray photon energy

3. loss of incident electron energy

4. divergence of the x-ray beam

divergence of the x-ray beam

Which one of the following has a constant value for allelectromagnetic radiation?

1. mass

2. velocity

3. wavelength

4. frequency

velocity

Remnany x-rays are those that:

1. do not interact with the patient or the image receptor

2. scatter back toward the x-ray tube

3. are absorbed within the patient

4. exit the patient and exposes the image receptor

exit the patient and exposes the image receptor

The term intensity related to:

1. quantity

2. quality

3. both quantity and quality

4. neither quantity or quality

quantity

Wavelength and frequancy are:

1. inversely proportional to one another

2. inversely proportional to the square of their velcity

3. directly proportional to the square of their velcity

4. directly proportional to one another

inversely proportional to one another

The arrow is pointing to which one of the following on the emission spectrum.

1. bresstrahlung radiation

2. characteristic radiation

3. high energy gamma radiation

4. low energy beta radiation

characteristic radiation

Which curve in the diagram above respresents the highest filtration?

1. curve A

2. curve B

3. both curves have the same total filtration

curve A

The arrow in the diagram above is pointing to:

1. characteristic radiation peak

2. kVp peak

3. point of highest amplitude

4. area of greatest filtration

point of highest amplitude

In the diagram, if the kVp is set to 80, what is the kVp where the arrow is pointing?

1. 70

2. 80

3. 90

4. 100

80

If the mAs is doubled from 40 to 80 as displayed in the graph, the number of x-rays produced:

1. increases by 25%

2. increases by 50%

3. increases by 100%

4. increases by 200%

incrreases by 100%

If the distance between the x-ray tube and image receptor is cut in half, intensity of the x-ray beam will be:

1. doubled

2. cut in half

3. ¼ as much

4. 4 times greater

4 times greater

What term is defined as the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave?

1. wavelength

2. velocity factor

3. frequency

4. ripple

wavelength

Which one of the following is NOT a property of x-rays?

1. can ionize matter and gases

2. can be focused by collimators

3. cause phosphor to fluoresce

4. travel at the speed of light

can be focused by collimators

The longer te wavelength, the lower the frequency, the higher the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.

1. this statement is true

2. this statement is false

this statement is false

What change produced the difference in the two emission spectra below?

1. target material

2. filtration

3. mAs

4. kVp

kVp