Urban unit test part 2

These flashcards encompass key vocabulary and concepts related to urbanization, focusing on structures, models, and characteristics of cities as discussed in the lecture notes.

Barriadas

Squatter settlements in Latin American cities, often lacking proper structures.

Central Business District (CBD)

The commercial center of a city where employment and economic activity are concentrated.

Megacities

Cities with a population of over 10 million people.

Urban Heat Island Effect

The phenomenon where urban areas are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities.

Concentric Zone Model

A model that describes urban structure in terms of a series of concentric circles, each representing different social classes.

Multiple Nuclei Model

A model that suggests urban growth is independent of the central business district, allowing for multiple centers of growth.

Range

The maximum distance consumers are willing to travel to purchase a product.

Primate City

A city that is significantly larger and more influential than the second largest city in a country.

Suburbanization

The process of population movement from within cities to the suburbs, often driven by desires for more space and better amenities.

White Flight

The migration of white residents from urban areas to the suburbs, often in response to demographic changes.

Redlining

The practice of refusing loans or insurance to individuals in certain neighborhoods, often based on racial or ethnic demographics.

Transnational Corporations

Companies that operate in multiple countries, often seeking low-cost labor to maximize profits.

Blockbusting

A real estate practice where agents induce homeowners to sell their properties by exploiting fears of demographic changes.

Bazaar CBD

A central business district in African cities characterized by large market areas selling a variety of goods.

Market-Gardening Zone

An area within a city where vegetables are cultivated, often near urban buildings, reflecting cultural preferences for fresh food.

Barriadas

Squatter settlements in Latin American cities, often lacking proper structures, access to basic services, and legal recognition. They evolve from informal settlements where people build homes on land they do not own, reflecting urban poverty and social inequality.

Central Business District (CBD)

The commercial center of a city where employment and economic activity are concentrated. CBDs are typically characterized by a high density of retail shops, offices, and cultural institutions, making them the hub of business activity.

Megacities

Cities with a population of over 10 million people. Megacities face unique challenges such as traffic congestion, pollution, inadequate housing, and social disparities, yet they are also vital centers for economic growth and innovation.

Urban Heat Island Effect

The phenomenon where urban areas are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities. This effect is caused by factors like altered land cover, heat generated from buildings and vehicles, and energy consumption, leading to increased energy demand and health issues.

Concentric Zone Model

A model that describes urban structure in terms of a series of concentric circles, each representing different social classes. It illustrates the socio-economic distribution of populations in urban areas, with wealthier populations living further away from the city center.

Multiple Nuclei Model

A model that suggests urban growth is independent of the central business district, allowing for multiple centers of growth. This reflects the complex nature of urban expansion where different areas of a city develop their own distinct economic and functional centers.

Range

The maximum distance consumers are willing to travel to purchase a product. This concept is crucial for understanding market dynamics and retail location strategies, as it influences the distribution and accessibility of goods and services.

Primate City

A city that is significantly larger and more influential than the second largest city in a country. Primate cities often dominate economic, political, and cultural life, leading to uneven development in their regions.

Suburbanization

The process of population movement from within cities to the suburbs, often driven by desires for more space and better amenities. This shift can result in urban decline as cities lose population and investment to their surrounding suburban areas.

White Flight

The migration of white residents from urban areas to the suburbs, often in response to demographic changes. This phenomenon has historically contributed to racial segregation and the economic decline of urban neighborhoods.

Redlining

The practice of refusing loans or insurance to individuals in certain neighborhoods, often based on racial or ethnic demographics. This discriminatory practice has had long-lasting effects on wealth accumulation and housing stability for marginalized communities.

Transnational Corporations

Companies that operate in multiple countries, often seeking low-cost labor to maximize profits. These corporations play a significant role in globalization, impacting local economies, labor standards, and environmental policies.

Blockbusting

A real estate practice where agents induce homeowners to sell their properties by exploiting fears of demographic changes, often resulting in racial segregation and loss of property values for minority communities.

Bazaar CBD

A central business district in African cities characterized by large market areas selling a variety of goods. These bazaar CBDs are vibrant economic hubs that reflect local culture and commerce, providing employment opportunities in informal sectors.

Market-Gardening Zone

An area within a city where vegetables are cultivated, often near urban buildings, reflecting cultural preferences for fresh food. These zones contribute to urban food security and sustainability by providing accessible produce to city residents.