A&P test 2 study

Epinephrine is released from which area of the adrenal gland?

medulla

Most hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are __.

peptides/proteins

Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of…

T lymphocytes

Which of the following hormones would cause contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus during delivery and smooth muscle in the breast during milk let down?

oxytocin

Another name for the anterior pituitary?

adenohypophysis

Anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins (FSH and LH) is controlled by __.

negative feedback loops

Endocrine cells that increase hormone secretion in response to other hormones are controlled by:

hormonal stimuli

Which statement about the parathyroid glands is true?

2 paired glands that are embedded in the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland.

Eating a meal _____ blood levels of glucose and stimulates the release of ______which lowers blood glucose.

increases; insulin

The pineal gland secretes __, which may play a role in regulating __.

melatonin; sleep wake cycle

This hormone's secretion is controlled by the zona glomerulosa and alterations in blood volume and electrolyte balance.

aldosterone

Place the following hormones in the correct order of their control, from first tier to third tier:

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), production of T3 and T4.

The pituitary hormone associated with stimulating the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol and aldosterone is…

ACTH

The thymus secretes hormones important in regulating the __ system.

immune (T cells and B cells)

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?

Right atrium and right ventricle

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?

Systemic circuit

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the:

myocardium

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins

Which valve is found between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart?

Left atrioventricular valve

During the cardiac cycle, diastole represents:

chamber relaxation.

The apex of the heart is directed toward the:

left hip

The heart is situated in the middle of the thoracic cavity in a region known as the:

mediastinum

Coronary circulation involves in the delivery of oxygenated blood to the:

heart

What is NOT a part of the cardiac conduction system?

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS wave

Calculate the cardiac output if the heart rate is 100 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 65 ml.

6500 ml/min

Afterload is described as:

the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries.

Both the left and right atria receive blood from:

veins

Systolic pressure is measured during:

ventricular contraction.

Gas, nutrient, & waste exchange occur between the:

capillaries & the tissues of the body.

Blood leaving the left ventricle would empty directly into the __.

Aorta

Which vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a sphygmomanometer, which vessel is used to measure pressure?

brachial artery

Which of the following decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

acetylcholine

Hypertension is defined as:

high blood pressure

Which pressure pulls water into the capillary?

colloid osmotic pressure

How much blood does the average adult have?

5 L

The scientific name of a blood pressure machine is:

Sphygmomanometer

The Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates release of which of the following from the anterior pituitary?

both follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

The three functional categories of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are the sex steroids, the __, and the mineralocorticoids.

glucocorticoids

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which __ are made that function like _, resulting in over stimulation of the thyroid gland.

antibodies; TSH

Releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus are carried to the adenohypophysis via which special route?

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Which statement about melatonin is true?

all of these statements are true

__ supplements the Sympathetic or fight or flight response.

Epinephrine (Epi)

controls potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) balance.

Aldosterone

Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases.

The pericardial cavity is between the _____.

visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium.

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is:

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

How does down-regulation of cellular receptors change responsiveness to a given hormone?

Down-regulation reduces the cell’s sensitivity to a hormone.

Bonus 2 points: People with inadequate secretion of T4 & T3 suffer from hypothyroidism, which of the following statements are true concerning this condition?

Have low BMR, weight gain, lethargy, cold intolerance; Can still produce a goiter; all of these statements are true; Can cause cretinism in infants