Clasics 51B Final

1.4 Villanovan hut urn, 9th to 8th century BCE. Clay. The urns demonstrate the close connection between homes and graves.

Sarcophagus

body eating

1.25 Terracotta sarcophagus, Cerveteri, Italy, late 6th century BCE. Terracotta. The couple has idealized expressions that are reminiscent of Greek Archaic style, but the posture and shape of the bodies are specifically Etruscan.

1.37 Capitoline Wolf, Rome, 11th to 12th centuries CE. Bronze. The sculpture is an iconic image for the founding of Rome in its representation of the wolf that suckled

Romulus and Remus. The dating of some of its material points to its creation in the early medieval period.

Reges

reges

753 BCE–509 BCE

Tucan Temple

Temple of Jupiter

Optimus Maximus

Roman Triumph (pt1)

Monubial temples

2.9 Temple of Portunus, Rome, Italy, 80–70 BCE. Truff, travertine, and stucco.

A Republican manubial building near the Forum Boarium. Its deep porch, with freestanding

columns, references Tuscan styles while the columns themselves are in the Ionic order.

Map of Italy (Etruscan Period) :: Shows spheres of Punic (Carthaginian), Greek, and Etruscan influence in Italy.

Villanovan Hut Urn :: Funerary urn shaped like a house; demonstrates connection between homes and graves.

Terracotta Sarcophagus (Cerveteri) :: Late 6th century BCE Etruscan sarcophagus depicting a reclining couple; combines Greek Archaic features with Etruscan body forms.

Capitoline Wolf :: Bronze sculpture associated with the myth of Romulus and Remus; now believed to date largely to the medieval period.

Romulus and Remus :: Legendary founders of Rome who were suckled by a she-wolf.

Reges :: The kings of Rome during the Regal Period (753–509 BCE).

Tuscan Temple :: Etruscan temple type characterized by deep porch, high podium, and frontal emphasis.

Portonaccio Temple (Veii) :: Etruscan temple famous for roof sculptures (akroteria).

Akroteria :: Sculptures placed on the roofline of Greek and Etruscan temples.

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus :: Major state temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill dedicated to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva.

Roman Triumph :: Ceremonial procession celebrating a victorious Roman general.

Ex Manubiis :: "From the spoils"; refers to monuments funded by war booty.

Manubial Temple :: Temple financed with military spoils.

Temple of Portunus :: Republican temple combining Tuscan planning with Ionic columns.

Concrete :: Roman building material that enabled large-scale architecture and vaulting.

Sanctuary of Fortuna at Praeneste :: Major Republican sanctuary demonstrating early Roman concrete construction.

Vault :: Curved architectural structure used to span spaces.

Praeneste Nile Mosaic :: Large mosaic depicting the Nile River and Roman fascination with Egypt.

Topographic/Chorographic Representation :: Depiction of landscapes and geographic regions.

Tesserae :: Small pieces of stone, glass, or ceramic used in mosaics.

Commemorative Painting :: Artwork celebrating historical events, victories, or achievements.

Paris Reliefs :: Relief sculptures showing a suovetaurilia sacrifice to Mars.

Suovetaurilia :: Ritual sacrifice of a pig, sheep, and bull to Mars.

Imago (Wax Imagines) :: Wax death masks of Roman ancestors displayed in aristocratic homes.

Why Wax? :: Wax preserved realistic ancestral likenesses and reinforced family prestige.

Verism :: Hyper-realistic Roman portrait style emphasizing age and experience.

Domus :: Elite Roman townhouse.

Fauces :: Entrance hallway of a Roman house.

Atrium :: Central reception hall of a Roman house.

Impluvium :: Basin in the atrium that collected rainwater.

Tablinum :: Office/reception room of the house owner.

Triclinium :: Dining room.

Taberna :: Shop facing the street.

House of the Faun :: Large Pompeian house famous for mosaics and multiple atria/peristyles.

Peristyle :: Columned courtyard garden.

Mosaic Floor Decoration :: Decorative flooring made from tesserae.

Alexander Mosaic :: Depicts Alexander the Great fighting Darius III at the Battle of Issus.

Opus Vermiculatum :: Mosaic technique using extremely small tesserae for detailed imagery.

First Style Painting :: Wall painting style imitating expensive marble blocks using stucco.

Second Style Painting :: Style creating illusionistic architectural space and depth.

Linear Perspective :: Technique using converging lines to create depth.

Villa of the Mysteries :: Pompeian villa famous for its Dionysiac frieze.

Megalography :: Large-scale painting featuring life-sized figures.

Otium :: Leisure and cultured relaxation.

Negotium :: Business and public affairs.

Villa of the Papyri :: Luxury villa at Herculaneum containing a large library of papyrus scrolls.

Drunken Satyr :: Bronze sculpture reflecting Hellenistic and Dionysiac tastes.

Neo-Attic Style :: Roman revival of Classical Greek artistic styles.

Flamen :: Priest serving a specific deity.

Flamen Dialis :: Chief priest of Jupiter.

Pontifex :: Priest overseeing Roman state religion.

Pontifices :: College of priests managing public cult practices.

Fasces :: Bundle of rods symbolizing magisterial authority.

Temple of Castor and Pollux :: Important religious structure in the Roman Forum.

Temple of Saturn :: Temple associated with the Roman treasury.

Temple of Vesta :: Sacred temple housing the eternal flame.

Regia :: Traditional residence of the Pontifex Maximus.

Domus Publica :: Official residence of the Pontifex Maximus.

Shrine of Venus Cloacina :: Shrine linked to purification and Rome's sewer system.

Auguraculum :: Site where augurs observed divine signs.

Temple of Concord :: Temple symbolizing political harmony.

Basilica Sempronia :: Republican law court and commercial building.

Basilica Fulvia :: Early basilica used for legal and business activities.

Basilica Porcia :: One of Rome's earliest basilicas.

Carcer :: Roman state prison.

Curia Hostilia :: Early Senate house.

Rostra :: Public speaking platform in the Forum.

Comitium :: Political assembly area.

Gaius Julius Caesar :: Roman statesman, general, and dictator (100–44 BCE).

Coin of Julius Caesar :: Coin associating Caesar with Venus Victrix.

Venus Victrix :: Venus in her role as bringer of victory.

Corona Civica :: Oak-leaf crown awarded for saving Roman citizens.