Hemorrhagic Disorders of Pregnancy

Flashcards covering the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of various hemorrhagic and clotting disorders during pregnancy.

Spontaneous Abortion

Commonly known as a miscarriage, this refers to the loss of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable.

Missed Abortion

A type of spontaneous abortion where the products of conception are retained in the uterus after fetal death.

Septic Abortion

A type of spontaneous abortion that is accompanied by an infection.

Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform Mole)

A condition where a fetus is absent and the hydropic vesicle changes of the trophoblast create a typical grape-like appearance.

Complete Mole

An embryo resulting from an ovum that does not contain maternal genetic material being fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in a chromosomal composition of $46XX$.

Partial Mole

An embryo resulting from an ovum containing maternal genetic material being fertilized by two sperm, resulting in a chromosomal composition of $69XXY$.

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

A group of pregnancy-related tumors, including invasive moles, that can develop after a molar pregnancy.

Cervical Insufficiency

Painless cervical dilation that leads to a second-trimester pregnancy loss.

Cerclage Placement

A surgical management technique used to treat cervical insufficiency.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy that implants outside of the uterine cavity, often presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.

Methotrexate

A medication that may be ordered for a client experiencing an ectopic pregnancy to stop the growth of the pregnancy.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus in a location that covers or is near the cervix.

Complete Placenta Previa

When the placenta is positioned entirely over the cervix.

Marginal Placenta Previa

When the placenta is attached to the wall of the uterus near the cervix, but not covering it at all.

Partial Placenta Previa

When the placenta is attached to the wall of the uterus with a small amount at the bottom covering the cervix.

Betamethasone

A glucocorticoid medication that may be ordered during pregnancy complications like placenta previa to promote fetal lung maturity.

Magnesium Sulfate

An anticonvulsant medication that may be ordered during pregnancy complications.

Placental Abruption

The premature detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus.

Concealed Hemorrhage

In placental abruption, a hemorrhage contained under the placenta with no visible blood flow through the vagina.

Gestational Thrombocytopenia

A clotting disorder characterized by a low platelet count during pregnancy.

Inherited Thrombophilia

An inherited clotting disorder that increases the risk of developing blood clots during pregnancy.