Safety

corrosive

destroys living tissue on contact

flammable

easily ignites and burns rapidly

irritant

irritates living tissue on contact

oxidizer

rapidly oxidizes, can result in combustion

poison

may be fatal to humans and animals

sensitizer

causes severe immune reaction after repeated exposure

toxic

causes adverse health effects

fatal/acute toxicity

skull and crossbones

aquatic toxicity

environment

oxidizers

flame over circle

respiratory sensitizer, carcinogen, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, target organ toxicity, aspiration toxicity

health hazard

flammables, pyrophorics, self-heating, emits flammable gas, self-reactives, organic peroxides

flame

skin sensitizer, irritant, acute toxicity, narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritant, hazardous to ozone layer

exclamation mark

explosives, self-reactives, organic peroxides

exploding bomb

gases under pressure

gas cylinder

skin corrosion/burns, eye damage, corrosive to metals

corrosion

GHS categories based on severity

5 Categories: Category 1 = most hazardous, Category 5 = least hazardous.

What % of known chemicals have safety data sheets (SDS)?

0.1%

Who creates SDS?

chemical suppliers

Since SDS are ___ legally required to be accurate, one should ___

are not; examine SDS from different manufacturers

SDS are written for ___ setting, so chemicals, hazards, and PPE requirements may be ___

an industrial; overstated

Steps for using a SDS to understand the associated hazards of the chemical (3)

1. Compare label info to ensure you have the right SDS

2. Determine hazard class: corrosive, flammable, etc

3. Look at procedures for safe handling

fire tetrahedron

heat, oxygen, chemical chain reaction, fuel

fire tetrahedron: how to remove heat

pour water over fire

fire tetrahedron: how to remove oxygen

carbon dioxide fire extinguishers blanket substance to put out fire

fire tetrahedron: how to remove chemical chain reaction

use halon fire extinguisher

fire tetrahedron: how to remove fuel

keep amounts of flammable solvents at a minimum in lab

PASS acronym

PULL safety pin

AIM extinguisher at base of fire

SQUEEZE handle to begin discharge

SWEEP discharge back and forth horizontally across fire's base

What should you do if you are on fire?

stop, drop, and roll

What should you do if your labmate is on fire?

wrap them in a fire blanket

Which statements are true about fire? (3)

1. Water can be used to extinguish a class B fire

2. Water can't be used to extinguish a class D fire

3. Fires are classified by what type of oxidizing agents are involved

4. The fuel must be vaporized to burn

5. Removing heat keeps the fuel from vaporizing

2, 4, 5

1. Water can only extinguish class A fires (solid materials)

3. Fires are classified by what type of fuels are burning

Class A fire

paper, clothing, plastics

Class B fire

gasoline, oil, organic solvents

Class C fire

hot plates, computers

Class D fire

reactive metals (Na, Li, etc)

Appropriate actions to take in the event of a spill (select all that apply):

1. If splashed with a large quantity of liquid, wipe off contaminated clothing

2. Eye washes should be used for at least 15 min

3. Use a spill pillow to absorb liquids with nontoxic vapors

4. Use a small brush and dustpan when cleaning up a solid

5. Contaminated clothing must be removed and treated as hazardous waste

6. If splashed with a large quantity of a chemical, use the shower immediately

7. Spilled solid should be returned to its original bottle

8. If solid is spilled on skin, you should wash, scrape off, then wash with water

9. Nonvolatile liquid spills require lab evacuation

All except 1, 7, and 9

Key steps for responding to a spill: Communicate

notify an instructor or stockroom staff of the spill location and contents

Key steps for responding to a spill: Isolate

if possible, contain the spill with a spill pillow, sand, etc

Key steps for responding to a spill: Evacuate

if the spill is large and/or hazardous, leave the room or builidng

Key steps for responding to a spill: Mitigate

spill clean up; your instructor will determine if you can assist

What should be done when handling a corrosive? (select all that apply)

1. wear PPE (goggles, lab coat, gloves)

2. wear long sleeved shirts, long pants, and closed toe shoes

3. carry bottles in secondary containers

4. know the location of eyewash stations and safety showers

5. use chemicals in fume hood if they're an inhalant hazard

6. if exposed to skin, wash off immediately

7. use concentrated solutions whenever possible

8. discard gloves after contamination or taking off

all except 7

RAMP acronym

RECOGNIZE hazard

ASSESS procedure, knowledge, and exposure probability

MINIMIZE risk of exposure by wearing goggles

PREPARE for emergences by locating eye eash

mists

tiny droplets of liquid suspended in air

fumes

colloidal suspension of solid or liquid particles in air

dusts

solid particles suspended in air

smoke

mixture of dry particles and droplets of liquid

nanoparticles

ultrafine homogeneous particles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm

Minimizing exposure route: Ingestion

do not put anything in your mouth that has been in lab

Minimizing exposure route: Eye exposure

always wear goggles

Minimizing exposure route: Inhalation

cap flasks containing volatile liquids

Minimizing exposure route: Skin exposure

clean surfaces, wear gloves and lab coat

Minimizing exposure route: Injection

use a dustpan and broom to clean up broken glass

Which of the following play significant roles in the extent of injury or harm when exposed to a hazardous chemical? (3)

1. how the chemical entered the body (exposure route)

2. availability of safety equipment

3. amount of time one is exposed to chemical

4. atmospheric pressure

5. amount of chemical one is exposed to

6. relative humidity

1, 3, 5

Which of the following are parts of the design of lab ventilation? (3)

1. air exchanges should be at least 24 in 24 hours

2. lab air leaves the lab through fume hoods

3. atmospheric pressure in the lab is greater than the hallway

4. hallway air flows into the lab

5. air enters the labs through heating/cooling ducts and hallway air

2, 4, 5

In which of the following scenarios are you most likely to be exposed to a chemical hazard through skin or eye absorption?

1. You cut your hand on the broken glass of a cracked beaker that was filled with methanol and shattered upon heating.

2. You spray yourself in the face with gas when filling your car's tank. Your eyes start to burn and you have to remove your contacts.

3. You don't put saran wrap on your keyboard and a solid is on the trackpad. You touch the trackpad, lick your finger, and your mouth becomes numb.

4. You clean your bathroom using ammonia, but the smell is terrible, so you switch to bleach without washing away all the ammonia. Your eyes start watering and you are coughing badly.

2

1. injection

3. ingestion

4. inhalation

What steps should be taken to minimize the risk of skin or eye absorption in lab? (2)

1. Wear PPE (lab coat, gloves, goggles)

2. Perform procedures inside fume hood with good ventilation