Alternative Treatments

history of substance abuse

mental health disorders

younger populations

what are some vulnerable populations for overdose?

what puts someone at risk for opioid use disorder?

vulnerable population

co-use of other sedative medications

using extended release formualtions

respiratory depression

constipation

N/V/pruritis

physical dependence

adverse effects of opioids?

see withdrawal after missing a dose, seen as early as 2-10 days of use

How might physical dependence present?

autonomic changes, diarrhea, piloerection, sweating

withdrawal symptoms?

higher

If someone is tolerant to opioids they will require a ______ dosing for benefit

hyperalgesia

increased sensitivity fo pain due to central sensitization

aberrant glial activation

this is seen to cause rebound headaches and contraindicated migraine treatment

central brain

prior belief of peripheral/nociceptive root for ongoing pain but now it is felt to be _____ brain processing

synthetic medical marijuana (THC)

what type of med is nabilone?

nabilone

contains cesamet

used as antiemetic

synthetic medical marijuana

synthetic medical marijuana (THC)

what type of meds are marinol & syndros?

marinol & syndros

contains dronabinol

used for N/V from chemotherapy

AIDS wasting syndrome (anorexia)

cannabis plant

where does cannabis come from?

THC (delta9-tetrahydrocanabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol)

what are the two major compounds that make up cannabis?

CBG (cannabigerol)

What other cannabis compound is used for anti-inflammatory purposes?

CBN (cannabinol)

what other cannabis compound is used for sleep?

cannabis ruderalis janisch (hemp)

cannabis sativa

cannabis indica lam

what are the 3 identified species of marijuana?

cannabis sativa

what type of cannabis has the highest level of THC?

cannabis ruderalis janisch

What cannabis has low levels of CBD and THC and is used in clothing, linens and cosmetics?

sativa, indica

medical marijuana uses a combination of waht types of cannabis?

CB1 receptor

what endocannabinoid receptor?

• located in PNS and CNS

CB2 receptor

what endocannabinoid receptor?

• located at splenic macrophages and lesser degree in CNS

THC

what id the primary antinociceptive and psychoactive component of cannabis?

CBD

what component of cannabis has been approved for seizure treatment for lennox gastaut, dravet, and tuberous sclerosis?

narrow

does THC have a narrow or wide therapeutic window for pain?

patient failed multiple pharmacological treatments

patient does not want meds

history of or concern for recreational abuse

pregnancy

when and why are alternative therapies initiated?

relaxation therapy

cognitive therapy

acceptance and commitment therapy

biofeedback

what are the categories of behavioral interventions?

biofeedback

people trained to improve their health through signals

respiratory

HR

brain waves

muscle tension

sweating

temperature

biofeedback measures what things?

resting baseline

stress

time to recuperate

calm/relax

post session baseline

treatment steps of biofeedback?

manipulation

what chiropractic treatment? → involves high velocity thrust to a joint so it is momentarily forced beyond its restricted range

mobilization

what chiropractic treatment? → low velocity passive movements within or at the limit of joint range

cervical

recommend mobilization maneuvers only for ______ treatments

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator

what does TENS stand for?

trigger point injections

spinal epidural injections

joint injections

what are the 3 types of injections?

occipital nerve block

botox

what are two types of neurology clinic injections?

supplement

product that is intended to supplement a diet that includes vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals or amino acids

law of similars

law that states: treat by using a substance that produces symptoms similar to those of the illness

serial dilution

shaking between each dilution removes toxic effects

belladona

homeopathic drug - pain reliever, muscle relaxer, anti-inflammatory and treat menstrual problems, PUD, histaminic reaction, and motion sickness

nux

homeopathic drug, antioxidant, diabetes, menstrual cramps and more

bryonia

homeopathic drug - relieve constipation, upset stomach, fluid retention, chronic conditions such as arthritis and liver disease

iris

homeopathic med - relieves periodic headaches that happen when relaxing

harpagophytum procumbens (devil’s claw)

homeopathic for pain - used for pain RELIEF, particularly for back pain and osteoarthritis, similar pain relief to NSAIDs with fewer side effects

willow bark extract

homeopathic for pain - contains salicin, compound converted in body to salicyclic acid

ulcers, GI upset

willows bark extract can cause what side effects?

decrease BP and BS

devils claw side effects?

butterbur, feverfew

what herbals can be used for headaches?

endoegenous opioid

acupuncture analgesia is a connection between ____ ____ peptide system and electrical acupuncture stimulation

auricular

scalp

hand

feet

what are the microsystems of acupuncture?