Ap bio- Gene Expression and Regulation

6. What is the role of Transfer RNA (tRNA)?

a. Carries copy of genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes

b. Carries amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain

c. Forms ribosomes and assembles amino acids into polypeptide chains

d. Regulates gene expression with microRNA and short interfering RNA that binds to specific mRNA sequences, causing them to be cleaved

e. Both C and D

B

7. Which of the following enzymes is incorrectly matched with its function?

a. Helicase - Unzipping double-stranded DNA at its replication fork

b. DNA Polymerase - Catazyles the condensation reaction that joins adjacent nucleotides in the 3' to 5' direction

c. Primase - Synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers that serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis

d. Ligase - Facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

e. Topoisomerase - Prevents the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork from getting too tightly wound as the DNA is opened up.

B

9. What does it mean for DNA to be semi-conservative?

a. Original DNA serves as a complete template, making the resulting DNA to be completely new

b. Each DNA serves as a template, making the resulting DNA to be half old and half new DNA

c. The two new DNA molecules have part new and part old DNA interspersed throughout them

d. Both A and B

e. Both B and C

B

10. Which of the following is not true about DNA polymerase?

a. It works in the 5' to 3' direction

b. It requires RNA primers to start working on DNA during DNA replication

c. It is an enzyme critical in unwinding DNA

d. DNA Polymerase I digests RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

e. DNA Polymerase III extends RNA primer with short lengths of complementary DNA

C

11. Where does the energy required for DNA replication come from?

a. Hydrolyzing nucleotides that are present as deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, which, when hydrolyzed, provides energy

b. The condensation of food particles and stored ATP creates energy

c. Solar energy from the sun catalyzes the breakdown of ATP, creating energy in the process

d. Water molecules break down into hydrogen ions from the usage of ATP energy, allowing hydrogen ions to catalyze the reactions that bind new nucleotides to DNA

e. DNA replication does not actually require energy to function - it automatically happens when necessary

A

12. Which of the following occurs first in gene expression?

a. Production of pre-RNA

b. Translation

c. Production of mRNA

d. Production of protein

e. Transcription

E

13. What codon is typically known as the start codon?

a. Alanine - GCC

b. Valine - GUG

c. Tryptophan - UGG

d. Methionine - AUG

e. Glycine - GGC

D

15. RNA polymerase uses what DNA strand to code for RNA sequences?

a. Noncomplementary

b. Promotor

c. Lagging

d. Antisense

e. Leading

D

16. What nucleobase is found in RNA but not in DNA?

a. Guanine

b. Adenine

c. Thymine

d. Cytosine

e. Uracil

E

17. What happens in the terminator region?

a. RNA synthesis begins

b. RNA polymerase detaches from DNA

c. DNA helicase unwinds DNA

d. DNA ligase seals up DNA

e. DNA and RNA self-destructs

B

18. Employing several RNA polyermases at a time will result in what effect?

a. Large amount of a specific protein is made in a short period of time

b. Small amount of a specific protein is made in a short period of time

c. Large amount of a specific protein is made over a long period of time

d. Large amount of a specific protein is made over a short period of time

e. Protein production stops

A

19. Which of the following codons is neither a start codon nor a stop codon?

a. UGG

b. UGA

c. AUG

d. UAA

e. UAG

A

20. Which of the following best describes translation?

a. Sections of DNA that code for proteins

b. Gene is rewritten into a single-stranded primary RNA transcript, using one strand of DNA as a template and RNA polymerase

c. The process by which the information in a gene is used to synthesize a protein

d. Primary transcript is edited. The introns are removed and modifications are made to help the mRNA exit the nucleus

e. Amino acids are linked together at the ribosome to form the protein encoded by mRNA

E

21. All of the following is true about Prokaryotic Gene Expression except which?

a. Transcription and translation can occur at the same time

b. Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm

c. Genes are transcripted by RNA

d. Genes are translated by ribosomes

e. Closely related genes are located on different chromosomes

E

23. In Eukaryotic Gene Expression, all of the following is true about the caps and tails on mRNA except which?

a. They protect RNA from degradation

b. At the 3' end, a poly(A) tail of 150 or more adenine nucleotides is added.

c. They are added to both ends of primary RNA after translation

d. Helps transports RNA through the nuclear pore

e. The 5' cap is used as a recognition signal for ribosomes to bind to the mRNA

C

26. All of the following affects the rate at which protein synthesis occurs expect which?

a. Concentration of DNA synthesis enzymes (e.g. helicase, DNA polymerase)

b. Protein concentration throughout body

c. mRNA destroyer concentration

d. Positive transcription factor concentration

e. Negative transcription factor concentration

A

32. All of the following is true about prokaryotic gene expression except which?

a. Several structural genes with related functions are grouped together between UTRs

b. UTR upstream of structural genes contains regulatory sequences to initiate transcription

c. UTR downstream stops transcription

d. Entire mRNA sequence for structural genes is translated into proteins (no gene editing)

e. All of the above correctly describes prokaryotic gene expression

E

44. All of the following is true about plasmids except which?

a. Carries no genes

b. Independently replicating

c. Circular

d. Extra-chromosomal pieces of DNA

e. Prokaryotic

A

46. Which of the following best describes the function of restriction enzymes?

a. Cuts a double-stranded DNA molecule at the AUG site (start codon sequence)

b. Cuts a double-stranded DNA molecule at a specific recognization site (specific DNA sequence)

c. Cuts a double-stranded DNA molecule at the promotor region

d. Cuts a double-stranded DNA molecule at a random site

e. Cuts a double-stranded DNA molecule at a terminator region

B

50. Which of the following best describes the purpose of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

a. Reproducing large quantities of proteins from an original sample

b. Reproducing large quantities of mRNA from an original sample

c. Reproducing large quantities of plasmids from an original sample

d. Reproducing large quantities of amino acids from an original sample

e. Reproducing large quantities of DNA from an original sample

E

51. Which of the following best describes the purpose of Gel Electrophoresis?

a. Separate different DNA segments based on its pH level

b. Separate different DNA segments based on its size

c. Separate different DNA segments based on its electrical charge

d. Separate different DNA segments based on its temperature

e. Separate different DNA segments based on its sequence of the corresponding mRNA strand

B

52. True or false - Bigger fragments travel through the gel faster than smaller fragments

a. True

b. False

B