MS-Agar ADF

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)

Major source of nitrogen for plant growth; provides both ammonium and nitrate ions needed for amino acid and protein synthesis.

Potassium nitrate (KNO3)

supports cell growth, enzyme activity, and osmotic balance

Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O)

cell wall formation, membrane stability, and signaling pathways.

Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O)

which is essential for chlorophyll formation and enzyme activation; sulfate is also needed for protein synthesis.

Potassium phosphate, monobasic (KH₂PO₄)

for ATP, nucleic acids, and energy transfer; also helps buffer the medium.

Potassium iodide (KI)

a micronutrient involved in metabolic processes in trace amounts.

Boric acid (H₃BO₃)

important for cell wall formation, membrane function, and cell division.

Manganese sulfate tetrahydrate (MnSO₄·4H₂O)

required for photosynthesis and activation of several enzymes.

Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O)

essential for enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and growth regulation.

Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O)

needed for nitrate reduction and nitrogen metabolism

Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O)

involved in electron transport, enzyme activity, and photosynthesis.