Psych202 3rd midterm short flashcards

1. Id

Primitive drives, pleasure principle. "I want it NOW." Present from birth.

2. Ego

Rational mediator, reality principle. Balances id and superego.

3. Superego

Moral conscience, guilt, social rules. ⚠️ NOT the mediator

4. Repression

Blocking painful memories from consciousness.

5. Denial

Refusing to accept reality.

6. Projection

Attributing YOUR unacceptable feelings to others.

7. Reaction Formation

Acting the OPPOSITE of how you actually feel.

8. Displacement

Redirecting feelings to a safer target.

9. Rationalization

Making logical excuses for unacceptable behavior.

10. Regression

Returning to childlike behavior under stress.

11. Sublimation

Channeling unacceptable urges into socially acceptable outlets. Channels into something POSITIVE

12. Freud's 5 stages

Oral (0–1, weaning, fixation = smoking/overeating) → Anal (1–3, toilet training, fixation = neat/stubborn OR messy) → Phallic (3–6, Oedipus/Electra, fixation = vanity) → Latency (6–puberty, dormant) → Genital (puberty+, mature sexuality)

13. Oedipus complex

Boy desires mother, fears castration by father, resolves by identifying with father. ⚠️ Electra complex was proposed by Jung, not Freud.

CH. 11

NEO-FREUDIANS

14. Inferiority complex

Adler's idea that feelings of inadequacy drive us to seek superiority. Motivation = compensating for inferiority, not s*x

Collective unconsciousness

Jung's idea of shared memory traces universal to all humans, not just personal experience.

16. Archetypes

Jung's universal symbols appearing across all cultures in myths and dreams (hero, shadow, trickster).

17. Introvert vs Extrovert

Jung's most influential contribution. Introvert = energized by being alone. Extrovert = energized by being with others.

18. 3 coping styles

depdance, aggression, isolation. towards, against, away from people

CH. 11

LEARNING

19. Reciprocal determinism

Banduras idea that behavior, cognition, and environment all influence each other simultaneously.

20. Observational Learning

Bandura's idea that we learn by watching others and the consequences they receive.

21. Self-efficacy

Bandura's term for confidence in your own abilities. High = tackles challenges, recovers fast. Low = avoids challenges, expects failure.

22. Internal locus of control

Rotter's term. 'I control my outcomes.' → better grades, health, less depression.

23. External locus of contro

Rotter's term. 'Luck/others control my life.' → helplessness, worse outcomes.

24. Marshmallow Test

Mischel's study showing children who delayed gratification had better life outcomes: higher SAT, better relationships, less substance abuse. Demonstrates importance of self-regulation.

25. Congruence vs. Incongruence

Rogers's concept. Congruence = ideal self and real self match → healthy, high self-worth. Incongruence = large gap → anxiety, maladjustment.

26. Unconditional positive regard

Rogers's term. Accepting someone regardless of behavior → builds healthy self-concept in children.

28. Self-actualization

Maslows highest need. Achieving your fullest potential

29. Cardinal trait

Allport's term. One trait dominates your entire life. Rare. Example: Mother Teresa's altruism.

30. Central trait

Allport's term. Core personality traits. Most people have 5–10. Example: kind, loyal, grouchy.

31. Secondary trait

Allport's term. Situational; only appear in specific circumstances. Example: nervous before

32. Openness

curious, creative, wide interests (vs. conventional, routine)

33. Conscientiousness

organized, hardworking, dependable (vs. impulsive, careless)

34. Extroversion

outgoing, warm, seeks adventure (vs. quiet, withdrawn)

35. Agreeableness

helpful, trusting, empathetic (vs. critical, uncooperative)

36. Neuroticism

anxious, emotionally unstable, angry (vs. calm, even-tempered)

CH. 11

ASSESSMENT

37. MMPI

Most widely used personality inventory. 567 true/false items. 10 clinical scales. Used for clinical diagnosis and employment screening.

38. Lie Scale

Part of MMPI. Detects "faking good"

39. Rorschach

Symmetrical inkblots. "What do you see?" Valid using Exner scoring system. Measures depression, psychosis, anxiety.

40. TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

8–12 ambiguous pictures; tell a story. Low to modest reliability and validity.

CH. 9

ERIKSON

41. Stage 1

Trust vs. Mistrust (0–1)

42. Stage 2

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1–3)

43. Stage 3

Initiative vs. Guilt (3–6)

44. Stage 4

Industry vs. Inferiority (7–11)

45. Stage 5

Identity vs. Role Confusion (12–18)

46. Stage 6

Intimacy vs. Isolation (19–29)

47. Stage 7

Generativity vs. Stagnation (30–64)

48. Stage 8

Integrity vs. Despair (65+)

49. Sensorimotor (0–2)

Learns through senses and movement. Key achievement: object permanence at ~8 months.

50. Preoperational (2–7)

Symbols, pretend play, language. Limitations: no conservation, egocentrism.

51. Concrete Operational (7–11)

Logical thinking about concrete events. Masters conservation and reversibility.

52. Formal Operational (12+)

Abstract and hypothetical reasoning. Moral reasoning develops.

53. Object permanence

Understanding things exist even when out of sight. Develops ~8 months.

54. Conservation

Quantity stays the same even when appearance changes. Mastered in concrete operational.

55. Egocentrism

Can't take others' perspectives. Preoperational stage. Tested by Three Mountain Task.

56. Assimilation

Fitting new info into an existing schema. Child calls a horse "doggie."

57. Accommodation

Changing a schema based on new info. "Oh, that's a horse, not a dog."

CH. 9

OTHER

58. Kohlberg's 3 levels

Pre-conventional (avoid punishment/get rewards) → Conventional (social approval/follow rules) → Post-conventional (social contract/universal ethics). Measured REASONING, not yes/no answers.

59. Ainsworth

4 attachment styles

60. Kübler-Ross

DABDA