Muscle Analysis Upper Body and Foot

Actions of the toe

flexion/extension

Actions of the tarsals

supination/pronation

Actions of the ankle

plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

Muscles of the toe

flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Muscles of the tarsals

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibalis posterior, tibalis anterior

Muscles of the ankle

gastrocnemius, soleus

Toe flexion muscles

Ankle plantarflexion muscles

gastrocnemius, soleus, tibalis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

Ankle dorsiflexion muscles

Tibalis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Tarsal pronation muscles

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

Tarsal supination muscles

Tibalis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

Supination combines:

inversion, adduction, plantarflexion

Pronation combines:

eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion

Actions of the shoulder

flexion/extension, internal/external rotation

Actions of the scapula

elevation/depression, abduction/adduction, upward/downward rotation

Muscles for shoulder flexion

Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, anterior deltoid

Muscles for shoulder extension

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, posterior deltoid

Muscles for shoulder internal rotation

Subscapularis, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, teres major

Muscles for shoulder external rotation

Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid

Muscles for scapular elevation

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Muscles for scapular depression

Serratus anterior

Muscles for scapular abduction

Serratus anterior

Muscles for scapular adduction

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Muscles for scapular upward rotation

Trapezius, serratus anterior

Muscles for scapular downard rotation

Levator scapulae, rhomboids