IB DP Geography Unit 1: Changing Population

population projection

estimate of a population in the future

Ageing population

A rise in the median age of the population, usually associated with an increase in the proportion of old dependents.

Crude birth rate (CBR)

the number of births per 1,000 people in a population.

Infant Mortality rate (IMR)

the number of deaths of children less than one year old per 1,000 live births.

Child mortality rate

the number of deaths in children under the age of 5 per 1000 children

General Fertility rate (GFR)

the number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 years.

Total fertility rate (TFR)

the average number of births per 1,000 women of childbearing age.

Life expectancy

average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, if demographic factors remain unchanged.

Old dependents

anyone over the age of 65

Young dependents

anyone under the age of 16

Economically active

People between the ages 15 and 64.

Population structure

Any measurable characteristic of a population. This may include the age, sex, ethnicity, language, religion and occupation of a population

Population pyramid

graphical display of the age-sex structure of a given population

population momentum

the increase or decrease in population despite a stable birth rate

population growth

the difference between birth and death rates.

Crude death rate (CDR)

the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.

Age ratio

the number of dependents per 100 economically active in a population

Pattern

This term covers the arrangement or changes of spatial elements

Recent

Reference to an event that has taken place in the last 10 years

Trend

This term covers the changes over time (compare with "pattern)

Scale

refers to the spatial extent of a phenomenon, covering local, national, and global scales.

Demographic Dividend

the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country's birth and death rates and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population.

Lower Income Country (LIC)

Group classified by the World Bank as having a per capita income less than $1 025

Middle Income Country (MIC)

Group classified by the World Bank as having a per capita income between $1 025 and $12 475

Higher Income Country (HIC)

Group classified by the World Bank as having a per capita income above $12 475

Natural Increase

Crude Death Rate subtracted from Crude Birth Rate. Expressed as a percentage

Doubling time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size

Pro-natalist policy

Actions governments take to increase a countries population size

Anti-natalist policy

Actions governments take to reduce a countries population size

Migration

The movement of a person from one place to another place (usually for a significant time period)

Trafficking

The action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country or area to another, typically for the purposes of forced labour or commercial sexual exploitation.