Electrolyte, Fluid, and pH
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31 Terms
What are the 2 main fluid compartments?
Intracellular fluid (65%) and Extracellular fluid (35%)
What are the subcomponents of Exracellular Fluid?
Plasma (8%) and Interstitial fluid (25%)
What is the most abundant fluid?
Intracellular
Water Gain
drinking water
Water loss
urination
Anion
negatively charged ions formed when atoms gain electrons
Cation
positively charged ions formed when atoms lose electrons
Ions of the ICF
K+, Pi, Mg2+
Ions of the ECF
Na+, Ca2+, Cl-
Main anions of the ECF
chloride
Main anions of ICF
phosphate
Main cation in ICF
phosphate
Dehydration
losing more water than water intake
Hypovolemia
decrease volume of blood plasma in circulatory system
What causes hypervolemia
dehydration, vomitting, and 2nd/3rd degree burns
ADH + Aldosterone in fluid balance
increase blood volume to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure
Homeostasis in dehydration
hypothalamus triggers thirst and signals ADH to kidneys to increase water permeability of collecting ducts and tubules
Brains function in dehydration
triggers thirst which increases water consumption
Pituitary function in dehydration
releases ADH which allows kidneys to reabsorb more water
Kidney function in dehydration
concentrates urine which reduces water loss through urine
Blood Vessels function in dehydration
vasoconstriction which maintains blood pressure
Acid
increases concentration of H+ in bodily fluids which reduces pH (less than 7)
Base
decreases the concentration of H+ in bodily fluids which raises pH (more than 7)
Weak acid (H2CO3)
does not dissociates completely
strong acid (HCL)
dissociates completely into its ions
Buffer
shock absorber for bodily fluids that prevents drastic changes in pH
Bicarbonate buffer (ECF)
Primary buffer maintains BLOOD and bodily fluids at a stable pH
Protein Buffer (ICF)
maintains pH within cells and blood plasma
Phosphate Buffer (ICF)
maintains pH in chemical and biological system
Hypertonic
high solute concentration
Hypotonic
low solute concentration