Benedictines Final

First Step of Humility

Unhesitating obedience and keeping the fear of God always before one’s eyes

RB 5

“Unhesitating obedience”

RB 7

“A man keeps the fear of God always before his eyes and never forgets it”

RB 43:3

“Indeed, nothing shall be preferred to the Work of God”

Goal of Monastic Life

Ascesis → Purity of Heart → Union with God

Opus Dei

“The Work of God”

Modern name for Opus Dei

Divine Office / Liturgy of the Hours

How many times monks gather daily for prayer

8

OSB

Order of Saint Benedict

Abba

Aramaic word for “father”

Evil practice according to St. Benedict

Private ownership

Two types of excommunication

From the table and from the oratory

When are monks truly monks?

When they live by the labor of their hands

Who said “A monk is work”?

Abba John the Dwarf

Hero of Monastic East

St. Anthony

Hero of Monastic West

St. Martin of Tours

John Cassian birthplace

Romania

Cassian’s traveling companion

Germanus

Four figures associated with Bethlehem

Pinufius, Jerome, Cassian, Germanus

Where Cassian settled

Marseilles

What Cassian wrote

Institutes and Conferences

Cassian’s spiritual progression

Ascesis → Purity of Heart → Union with God

Most important unwritten source of RB

Experience

Most important written source of RB

The Bible

Places Benedict gained experience

Subiaco and Monte Cassino

Subiaco significance

Anchoritic and cenobitic life

Sacred cave at Subiaco

Sacro Speco

Monte Cassino significance

Main monastery founded by Benedict

Monte Cassino sacked by

Lombards in 580

Three Benedictine vows

Obedience, Stability, Conversatio

Conversatio

Conversion of life

Four qualities of a good leader according to Benedict

Leads by example, seeks advice, understands human weakness, makes adjustments

Four metaphors Benedict uses for the abbot

Father, Teacher, Shepherd, Doctor

Six activities in the monk’s cell

Prayer, work, sleep little, eat little, hospitality, fight demons

How guests are received

As Christ

Most detestable kind of monk

Sarabaites

Monks worse than Sarabaites

Gyrovagues

Pachomius’ first monastery

Tabennesi

Pachomius’ monastic community

Koinonia

Koinonia

Fellowship/community

Four reasons Basil preferred cenobitic life

Humans are social, correction, love neighbor, reflects Trinity

Rule of the Master (RM)

Major source Benedict copied from

Old view of RM and RB

RB came first

New view of RM and RB

RM came first and Benedict copied from it

Characteristics unique to RB

Moderation, balance, mercy, understanding weakness

Gregory the Great became pope

590

Gregory the Great died

604

Why Gregory wrote the Dialogues

To show God had not abandoned people

Five crises during Gregory’s time

Fall of Rome, plague, moral decay, Lombards, famine

Gregory the Great iconography

Books, dove, triple tiara

Dove in Gregory iconography

Inspiration of the Holy Spirit

Triple tiara meaning

Priest, prophet, king

Anthony born

251

Pachomius born

292

Basil born

330

Jerome born

347

Augustine born

354

Cassian born

360

Benedict born

480

Gregory born

540

Benedict of Aniane born

747

Lanfranc born

1005

Anselm born

1033

St. Columban monasteries

Luxeuil and Bobbio

Luxeuil location

France

Bobbio location

Italy

Benedict of Aniane’s original name

Witizia

Three factors that spread the RB

Missionary activity, royal support, prosperity

Royal supporters of RB

Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, Benedict of Aniane

Council of Aachen significance

Made RB sole monastic rule of empire

Council of Aachen dates

816 and 817

First abbot of Cluny

Berno

Founder/patron of Cluny

William of Aquitaine

Cluny founded

910

Four P’s

Property, prayers, priests, purgatory

How Benedictines preserved culture

Copying manuscripts

Primary way monasteries preserved civilization

Agriculture and preserving culture

Who spread RB across Europe

St. Columban

St. Boniface born

675 in England

St. Boniface mission field

Germany

Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor

Christmas Day 800

What Charlemagne was before emperor

King of the Franks

Why Charlemagne struggled promoting RB

People dislike change

Older manuscript of RB

Sangallensis

Two Latin words for “listen” in RB

Obsculta and Asculta

Which manuscript starts with Obsculta

Sangallensis

Two main sections of RB

Spiritual teachings and regulations

Ora et Labora

Pray and Work

Ut in Omnibus Glorificetur Deus

That in all things God may be glorified

Three archbishops of Canterbury

Augustine, Lanfranc, Anselm

Lanfranc professions

Monk, scholar, teacher, abbot, archbishop

Lanfranc birthplace

Italy

Lanfranc’s famous student

Anselm

Who named Lanfranc archbishop

William the Conqueror

Anselm’s famous phrase

Faith seeking understanding

Important western monastic centers before Benedict

Tours and Lerins

Founder of Lerins

Honoratus

Gaul monastic figures

Martin, Honoratus, Caesarius, Jura Fathers

Jura Fathers

Romanus, Lupicinus, Eugendus

Three hagiographies studied

Life of Anthony, Martin of Tours, Gregory the Great