Social Psych Exam 3

Social Identities

Part of our identity that stems from our memberhsip of social groups

Prejudice

attitude towards people based on group membership

Discrimination is _____

behavioral

Explicit Attitudes

Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report

How do you measure explicit attitudes?

Self reports

Implicit attitudes

Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious

How do we measure implicit prejudice?

The Implicit Association Test (IAT)

What is the IAT?

Measures the speed of positive and negative reactions towards target groups

Discrimination

Differential, often negative, actions directed toward people in different social groups

Ambivalent Sexism (Glick & Fiske)

The theory that prejudice toward men and women consists of both negative and positive ideologies.

Benevolent Sexism

a set of subjectively positive (limiting) attitudes toward women that idealizes them in traditional roles

Stereotypes

beliefs we hold about what members of different social groups are like

Self-fulfilling prophecy & gender stereotypes (Muntoni & Retelsdorf)

Longitudinal study, Girls performed better than boys onreading test because of the teachers stereotypes

Stereotype Threats

Fear of conforming to negative stereotypes about one’s own social group causes anxiety etc.

Realistic group conflict theory

Prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

Social Identity Theory

Broad organization theory on how stuff is connected

Ingroup Bias

the tendency to favor one’s own group

Out group homogeneity effect

perseption of outgroup members as more similar to one another than ingroup members

Own-race bias

the tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

Distinctiveness

Extreme examples capture attention, distort judgments, and lead to illusory correlations

Group-serving Bias

explaining away the outgroups positive behaviors and holding on to the negative.

Just-world phenomenon

The tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve

Conformity

Changing ones behavior or belief in response to explicit or implicit influence from others

Why do people conform?

Informational social influence and normative social influence

Informational social influence

when you don’t know what to do, you look to others

Normative Social Influence

looking at others so that we aren’t the odd one out, based on the desire to be liked or accepted by others

Autokintetic effect (study)

said the dot moved in a dark room, people slowly conformed

Chameleon Effect

Mimicking someone else’s behavior

Mass hysteria

suggesibility to problems that spreads throughout a large group of people

When will people conform to informational social influence?

Ambiguous situation, crisis, other people are experts

Persuasion

The process by which a message induces induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors

Informational Social Influence

When you don’t know what to do you look at others

Normative Social Influence

Looking at others so that we know that we fit in

Obedience

when a person changes a behavior because they are ordered by an authority

What does Milgrams study show

Obedience

Unanimity

agreement in group, you shift

Cohesion

how tight knit a group is, all agreeing with each other

When is conformity highest?

When response is public and made without prior commitment

Conformity is greater in ___________ cultures

collectivist

What are the two routes to attitude change?

Central route and peripheral route

Central route

change results from consideration of the merits of a persuasive message

Peripheral route

Change results from attention to “peripheral persuasion cues”

What are some peripheral cue examples?

Expert, positive feelings, long message