Patho 2 Exam 3 Pharmacology

Lactulose does what

Traps and excretes ammonia in the gut to treat hepatic encephalopathy

Rifaximin

Antibiotic that reduces ammonia-producing gut bacteria

Spironolactone

Potassium-sparing diuretic used to remove excess fluid in ascites

Furosemide

Loop diuretic used to remove excess fluid in ascites

Diuretics Spironolactone + Furosemide

Used together for ascites

Beta blockers for variceal prevention

Lower portal pressure by decreasing cardiac output and splanchnic blood flow

Antivirals for hepatitis

Used to inhibit viral replication

Tenofovir

Antiviral used for Hepatitis B

Sofosbuvir

Antiviral used for Hepatitis C

Vitamin K

Corrects prolonged PT due to liver dysfunction or malabsorption

Tums, Maalox

Neutralize stomach acid

Omeprazole

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Famotidine

H2 blocker

Sucralfate

Coats ulcers to protect lining

Misoprostol

Prostaglandin analog that decreases acid secretion and protects gastric lining

Antibiotics for H. pylori

Combination therapy of clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI

Linaclotide

Increases intestinal fluid secretion and motility

Loperamide

Antidiarrheal that slows gut motility

Bismuth subsalicylate

Adsorbent antidiarrheal that coats GI tract and binds toxins;

Simethicone

Antiflatulent that reduces gas and bloating

Ondansetron

Serotonin blocker used for nausea

Scopolamine

Anticholinergic used for motion sickness (patch)

Metoclopramide

increases gastric emptying/motility

Bulk-forming laxatives

absorb water to stimulate peristalsis

Emollient laxatives (Docusate, Mineral oil)

Stool softeners/lubricants that ease stool passage

Lactulose

osmotic laxative

Senna, Bisacodyl

stimulant laxative

NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Indomethacin)

Reduce pain and inflammation

Corticosteroids (Prednisone)

Potent anti-inflammatory drugs

Methotrexate

Immunosuppressant for RA

Hydroxychloroquine

DMARD used for mild rheumatoid arthritis

Etanercept

TNF-a inhibitor

Methotrexate risk

bone marrow suppression

Adalimumab

TNF-a inhibitor

TNF-a inhibitors do what

reduce inflammation

risk for TNF-a inhibitors

infection

bisphosphonates

inhibit bone resorption

what to you need to do with biphosphonates

stay upright for 30 minutes to prevent esophagitis

colchincine

reduces inflammation in acute gout

allopurinol

decreases uric acid production for chronic gout

Tums and Maalox

antacids

antacids do what

neutralize stomach acid

Cimetidine

H2 blocker

H2 blockers do what

reduce acid secretions

H2 blockers are less effective with

smoking

PPI’s

block acid production

long term use of PPI leads to risk of

osteoporosis

risk of ondansetron

QT prolongation

risk of metoclopramide

tardive dyskinesia

pysllium

bulk laxative

stimulant laxatives do what

Stimulate intestinal nerves to increase peristalsis

osmotic laxatives do what

Pull water into intestines to increase bowel movements

risk of Spironolactone

hyperkalemia

risk of Furosemide

hypokalemia

what to assess for with vitamin K

bleeding and bruising (purpura)

Pantoprazole

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Linaclotide is used for

IBS

Bismuth subsalicylate may cause

black stools or black tongue