GSTRY 1 REVIEVER

Flashcards covering the fundamental concepts of matter, including its properties, states, changes, classification, and separation methods as outlined in the GSTRY 1 review notes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Physical Properties

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance, such as color, shape, size, texture, and density.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that describe how a substance changes into a new substance, such as flammability, rusting, or reactivity with acids.

Solid

A state of matter with a definite shape and a definite volume, where particles are packed close together.

Liquid

A state of matter with no definite shape (takes the shape of its container) but a definite volume, where particles can move around each other.

Gas

A state of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume, where particles move freely.

Physical Change

A change that does not produce a new substance, such as freezing water or cutting paper.

Chemical Change

A change that produces a new substance, with signs such as color change, gas production (bubbles), temperature change, or the formation of a solid.

Pure Substance

Matter made of only one type of particle.

Element

The simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down chemically, such as Oxygen ($O_2$), Iron ($Fe$), or Gold ($Au$).

Compound

Two or more elements chemically combined, such as Water ($H_2O$), Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), or Salt ($NaCl$).

Mixture

A physical combination of substances that are not chemically combined.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is uniform throughout and whose components cannot be easily seen, such as salt water or air.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with no uniform composition where the components can be seen, such as oil and water, sand and water, or a salad.

Filtration

A method of separating a solid from a liquid, such as removing sand from water.

Evaporation

A method used to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid, such as salt from water.

Distillation

A method used to separate liquids with different boiling points.

Magnetism

A method of separating materials using a magnet, such as removing iron filings.

Density

A measure of how much matter is packed into a space, calculated using the formula $\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$.