SEHS A.2.1 Water and Electrolyte Balance in Exercise

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to water and electrolyte balance during exercise, important for understanding the physiological aspects of physical performance and hydration.

Electrolytes

Charged minerals such as Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ that play crucial roles in maintaining body functions.

Sodium (Na⁺)

An electrolyte involved in fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction; lost in sweat.

Potassium (K⁺)

An electrolyte that regulates muscle contraction, cardiac rhythm, and nerve function; crucial for preventing muscle cramps.

Calcium (Ca²⁺)

An electrolyte important for muscle relaxation, enzyme function, and bone strength.

Magnesium (Mg²⁺)

An electrolyte that aids in ATP production and muscle relaxation.

Dehydration

A condition where the body loses more fluid than it takes in, leading to decreased blood plasma and increased heart rate.

Hyponatremia

A condition caused by excessive water intake without electrolytes, leading to low sodium levels and symptoms like nausea and confusion.

Hypernatremia

A condition resulting from insufficient water relative to sodium intake/loss, causing high sodium levels and symptoms such as thirst and irritability.

Fluid balance

The maintenance of the correct amount of body fluid, which is crucial for blood pressure and temperature regulation.

Cardiovascular drift

The phenomenon of increased heart rate and reduced stroke volume due to dehydration and reduced blood plasma.

Sports drinks

Beverages that contain electrolytes and carbohydrates to aid in rehydration and replenish lost minerals during prolonged exercise.

Large intestine

Organ that reabsorbs approximately 80-90% of water and plays a significant role in fluid balance.

Sweating

The process of losing water and electrolytes through perspiration, which is essential for thermoregulation during exercise.

Urine output regulation

Controlled by ADH, which promotes water retention, and aldosterone, which promotes sodium retention.

Symptoms of dehydration

Include fatigue, muscle cramps, dizziness, and impaired cognitive function.

Methods to monitor hydration

Including checking urine color, body weight changes, and fluid intake assessments.